全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
冰川冻土  2012 

冰内及冰下水系演化的示踪试验及其应用研究

, PP. 1206-1219

Keywords: 冰内及冰下水系,示踪试验,模拟,海螺沟冰川

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

简要回顾和介绍了示踪试验方法在冰内及冰下水系演化研究中的应用,并以ADM模型为例,对示踪剂扩散模型进行了敏感性试验分析,分析了不同参数组合条件对示踪剂浓度变化过程的影响.在海螺沟冰川消融区下游冰舌段开展了示踪试验,通过对一个固定入水口消融期整个过程的重复投放试验,获取了每次独立示踪试验示踪剂的浓度变化过程,并用ADM扩散模型反演了示踪剂传播速度、水力扩散系数以及平均排水通道面积等相关指标,揭示了海螺沟冰川此冰舌段冰下排水系统的季节变化过程.

References

[1]  Fountain A G, Walder J S. Water flow through temperate glaciers[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1998, 36(3): 299-328.
[2]  Kang Ersi. A preliminary study on the drainage system in the ablation area of the Glacier No.1 at the source of Urumqi River[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1996, 13(3): 257-263. [康尔泗. 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川消融区排水系统初探[J]. 冰川冻土, 1991, 13(3): 219-228.]
[3]  Flowers G E. Subglacial modulation of the hydrograph from glacierized basins[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2008, 22(19): 3903-3918.
[4]  Bj rnsson H. Hydrological characteristics of the drainage system beneath a surging glacier [J]. Nature, 1998, 395(22): 771-774.
[5]  Clarke G K C. Hydraulics of subglacial outburst floods: New insights from the spring-hutter formulation[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2003, 49(165): 299-313.
[6]  Hubbard B P, Sharp M J, Willis I C, et al. Borehole water-level variations and the structure of the subglacial hydrological system of haut glacier darolla, Valais, Switzerland[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1995, 41(139): 572-583.
[7]  Iken A. The effect of the subglacial water-pressure on the sliding velocity of a glacier in an idealized numerical-model[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1981, 27(97): 407-421.
[8]  Iken A, Bindschadler R A. Combined measurements of subglacial water-pressure and surface velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland-conclusions about drainage system and sliding mechanism[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1986, 32(110): 101-119.
[9]  Iken A, Rothlisberger H, Flotron A, et al. The uplift of Unteraargletscher at the beginning of the melt season-a consequence of water storage at the bed[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1983, 29(101): 28-47.
[10]  Iken A, Truffer M. The relationship between subglacial water pressure and velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland, during its advance and retreat[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1997, 43(144): 328-338.
[11]  Sugiyama S, Bauder A, Weiss P, et al. Reversal of ice motion during the outburst of a glacier-dammed lake on Gornergletscher, Switzerland[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2007, 53(181): 172-180.
[12]  Zwally H J, Abdalati W, Herring T, et al. Surface melt-induced acceleration of Greenland ice-sheet flow[J]. Science, 2002, 297(5579): 218-222.
[13]  Eyles N. The role of meltwater in glacial processes[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2006, 190(1-4): 257-268.
[14]  Glasser N, Etienne J, Hambrey M, et al. Glacial meltwater erosion and sedimentation as evidence for multiple glaciations in west Wales[J]. Boreas, 2004, 33(3): 224-237.
[15]  Beaney C L, Shaw J. The subglacial geomorphology of southeast Alberta: Evidence for subglacial meltwater erosion[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2000, 37(1): 51-61.
[16]  Fowler A C, Ng F S L. The role of sediment transport in the mechanics of jokulhlaups[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 1996, 22: 255-259.
[17]  Willis I C, Richards K S, Sharp M J. Links between proglacial stream suspended sediment dynamics, glacier hydrology and glacier motion at Midtdalsbreen, Norway[J]. Hydrological Processes, 1996, 10(4): 629-648. 3.0.CO;2-6 target="_blank">
[18]  Huss M, Bauder A, Werder M, et al. Glacier-dammed lake outburst events of gornersee, Switzerland[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2007, 53(181): 189-200.
[19]  Sugiyama S, Bauder A, Huss M, et al. Triggering and drainage mechanisms of the 2004 glacier-dammed lake outburst in Gornergletscher, Switzerland[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, 2008, 113(no F04019).
[20]  Walder J S, Fountain A G. Glacier generated floods. Destructive water: Water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control[J]. Proceedings of the Conference held at Anaheim, California, June 1996. IAHS Publ. no. 239, 1997: 107-113.
[21]  Nienow P, Sharp M, Willis I. Seasonal changes in the morphology of the subglacial drainage system, haut glacier D'arolla, Switzerland[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1998, 23(9): 825-843. 3.0.CO;2-2 target="_blank">
[22]  Shangguan D, Liu S, Ding Y, et al. Thinning and retreat of Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier, Tibetan Plateau, since 1993[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2008, 54(188): 949-951.
[23]  Ding Y, Liu S, Li J, et al. The retreat of glaciers in response to recent climate warming in western china[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2006, 40: 97-105.
[24]  Liu S Y, Shangguan D H, Ding Y J, et al. Glacier changes during the past century in the Gangrigabu Mountains, southeast Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, China[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2006, 43: 187-193.
[25]  Shi Y. Concise Glacier Inventory of China[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Popular Science Press, 2008: 1-205.
[26]  Liu Shiyin, Ding Yongjian, Li Jing, et al. Glaciers in response to recent climate warming in western China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26(5): 762-771. [刘时银, 丁永建, 李晶, 等. 中国西部冰川对近期气候变暖的响应[J]. 第四纪研究, 2006, 26(5): 762-771.]
[27]  Zhang Y, Liu S Y, Xu J L, et al. Glacier change and glacier runoff variation in the Tuotuo River basin, the source region of Yangtze River in western China[J]. Environmental Geology, 2008, 56(1): 59-68.
[28]  Liu S, Ding Y, Shangguan D, et al. Glacier retreat as a result of climate warming and increased precipitation in the Tarim river basin, northwest China[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2006, 43: 91-96.
[29]  Wang Xin, Liu Shiyin. An overview of researches on moraine-dammed lake outburst flood hazards[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(4): 626-635. [王欣, 刘时银. 冰碛湖溃决灾害研究进展[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(4): 626-635.]
[30]  Zhang Xiangsong, Shi Yafeng. The snow and ice disasters and its tendency in future on China[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 1996, 5(2): 76-85. [张祥松, 施雅风. 中国的冰雪灾害及其发展趋势[J]. 自然灾害学报, 1996, 5(2): 76-85.]
[31]  Qi Long. Review and prospect of research on disasters from snow, glaciers and debris flow[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1998, 20(3): 249-257. [祁龙. 冰川、 积雪及泥石流灾害研究的回顾与设想[J]. 冰川冻土, 1998, 20(3): 249-257.]
[32]  Shen Yongpin, Ding Yongjian, Liu Shiyin, et al. An increasing glacial lake outburst flood in Yarkant River, Karakorum in past ten years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2004, 26(2): 234. [沈永平, 丁永建, 刘时银等. 近期气温变暖叶尔羌河冰湖溃决洪水增加[J]. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(2): 234.]
[33]  Cheng Zunlan, Xhu Pingyi, Dang Chao, et al. Hazards of debris flow due to glacial-lake outburst in Southeastern Tibet[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2008, 30(6): 954-959. [程尊兰, 朱平一, 党超, 等. 藏东南冰湖溃决泥石流灾害及其发展趋势[J]. 冰川冻土, 2008, 30(6): 954-959.]
[34]  Liu Shiyin, Cheng Guodong, Liu Jingshi. Jokulhlaup characteristics of the lake Mertzbakeher in the Tianshan Mountains and its relation to climate change[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1998, 20(1): 30-35. [刘时银, 程国栋, 刘景时. 天山麦茨巴赫冰川湖突发洪水特征及其与气候关系的研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 1998, 20(1): 30-35.]
[35]  R?thlisberger H, Lang H. Glacial hydrology//Glacio-Fluvial Sediment Transfer——An Alpine Perspective. Chichester, New York, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley and Sons, 1987: 207-284.
[36]  Hubbard B, Nienow P. Alpine subglacial hydrology[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1997, 16(9): 939-955.
[37]  Jacobel R, Raymond C. Radio echo-sounding studies of englacial water-movement in Variegated glacier, Alaska[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1984, 30(104): 22-29.
[38]  Lindsay D N. Englacial Hydrology Related to An Outburst Flood From Hidden Creek Lake, A Glacially-Dammed Lake in Alaska. Master thesis, Portland: Portland State University, 2003. {
[39]  R?thlisberger} H. Water pressure in intra- and subglacial channels[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1972, 11(62): 177-203.
[40]  Shreve R L. Movement of water in glaciers[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1972, 11: 205-214.
[41]  Bj?rnsson H. Scales and rates of glacial sediment removal: A 20 km long, 300m deep trench created beneath breidamerkurjokull during the little ice age[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 1996, 22: 141-146.
[42]  Hildes D H D, Clarke G K C, Flowers G E, et al. Subglacial erosion and englacial sediment transport modelled for north American ice sheets[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004, 23(3-4): 409-430.
[43]  Holmlund P. Internal geometry and evolution of moulins, Storglaciaren, Sweden[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1988, 34(117): 242-248.
[44]  Fountain A G, Jacobel R W, Schlichting R, et al. Fractures as the main pathways of water flow in temperate glaciers[J]. Nature, 2005, 433(10): 618-621.
[45]  Fountain A G, Schlichting R B, Jansson P, et al. Observations of englacial water passages: A fracture-dominated system[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2005, 40: 25-30.
[46]  Raymond C F, Benedict R J, Harrison W D, et al. Hydrological discharges and motion of fels and black-rapids glaciers, Alaska, USA-implications for the structure of their drainage systems[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1995, 41(138): 290-304.
[47]  Nye J F. Water at the bed of a glacier//Proceedings of the Cambridge Symposium 1969, IASH, 1973, 95: 189-194.
[48]  Sharpe D R, Shaw J. Erosion of bedrock by subglacial meltwater, cantley, Quebec[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989, 101(8): 1011-1020. 2.3.CO;2 target="_blank">
[49]  Walder J, Hallet B. Geometry of former subglacial water channels and cavities[J]. 1979, 23(89): 335-346.
[50]  Walder J S, Fowler A. Channelized subglacial drainage over a deformable bed[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1994, 40(134): 3-15.
[51]  Ng F S L. Coupled ice-till deformation near subglacial channels and cavities[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2000, 46(155): 580-598.
[52]  Kass W. Tracing Technique in Geohydrology[M]. Rotterdam: a. A. Balkema, 1998: 1-581.
[53]  Behrens H, Bergmann H, Moser H, et al. Study of the discharge of alpine glaciers by means of environmental isotopes and dye tracers[J]. Snow and Ice-Symposium-Neiges et Glaces (Proceedings of the Moscow Symposium, August 1971), IAHS-AISH Publ. 104, 1975.
[54]  Burkimsher M. Investigations of glacier hydrological systems using dye tracer techniques-observations at Pasterzengletscher, Austria[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1983, 29(103): 403-416.
[55]  Fountain A G. Geometry and flow conditions of subglacial water at south cascade glacier, Washington-State, USA-an analysis of tracer injections[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1993, 39(131): 143-156.
[56]  Nienow P, Sharp M, Willis I. Temporal switching between englacial and subglacial drainage pathways: Dye tracer evidence from the haut glacier D'arolla, Switzerland[J]. Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography, 1996, 78A (1): 51-60.
[57]  Hock R, Iken A, Wangler A. Tracer experiments and borehole observations in the overdeepening of Aletschgletscher, Switzerland[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 1999, 28: 253-260.
[58]  Hasnain S I, Jose P G, Ahmad S, et al. Character of the subglacial drainage system in the ablation area of Dokriani glacier, India, as revealed by dye-tracer studies[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2001, 248: 216-223.
[59]  Schuler T, Fischer U H. Elucidating changes in the degree of tracer dispersion in a subglacial channel[J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2003, 37: 275-280.
[60]  Schuler T, Fischer U H, Gudmundsson G H. Daily changes in subglacial flow conditions derived from dye tracer experiments[J]. Abstract, 2003.
[61]  Schuler T, Fischer U H, Gudmundsson G H. Diurnal variability of subglacial drainage conditions as revealed by tracer experiments[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109.
[62]  Willis I, Lawson W, Owens I, et al. Subglacial drainage system structure and morphology of brewster glacier, New Zealand[J]. Hydrologic Processes, 2009, 23: 384-396.
[63]  Turner. Model 10-Au-005-Ce Fluorometer, User's Manual. Turner Designs, 845 w. Moude ave, Sunnyvale, Ca 94086, USA, 1997.
[64]  Forel F A. Circulation des eaux dans le glacier du rh ne[J]. 1898, 4(16): 156-158.
[65]  Mercanton P L. Vermessungen am rhonegletscher, mensurations au glacier du rh ne[J]. Neue Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 1916, 52: 1874-1915.
[66]  Smart C C. Artificial tracer techniques for the determination of the structure of conduit aquifers[J]. Ground Water, 1989, 26(4): 445-453.
[67]  Jury W A, Roth K. Transfer Functions and Solute Movement through Soils: Theory and Applications[M]. Basel: Birkenh user Verlag, 1990.
[68]  Hock R, Hooke R L. Evolution of the internal drainage system in the lower part of the ablation area of Storglaciaren, Sweden[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1993, 105: 537-546. 2.3.CO;2 target="_blank">
[69]  Nienow P. Dye Tracer Investigations of Glacier Hydrological Systems. PhD Thesis, Cambridge: St Johns College, 1993.
[70]  Hubbard B, Glasser N F. Field Techniques in Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2005.
[71]  Schuler T. Investigation of Water Drainage through an Alpine Glacier by Tracer Experiments and Numerical Modeling. PhD. Thesis, Z rich: Eidgen ssische Technische Hochschule, 2002.
[72]  Willis I C, Sharp M J, Richards K S. Configuration of the drainage system of Midtdalsbreen, Norway, as indicated by dye-tracing experiments[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1990, 36(122): 89-101.
[73]  Seaberg S Z, Seaberg J Z, Hooke R L, et al. Character of the englacial and subglacial drainage system in the lower part of the ablation area of Storglaciaren, Sweden, as revealed by dye-trace studies[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1988, 34(117): 217-227.
[74]  Zhang Guoliang, Pan Baotian, Wang Jie, et al. Research on the glacier change in the Gongga Mountain based on remote-sensing and GPS from 1966 to 2008[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(3): 454-460. [张国梁, 潘保田, 王杰, 等. 基于遥感和GPS的贡嘎山地区1966-2008年现代冰川变化研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(3): 454-460.]
[75]  Liu Qiao, Liu Shiyin, Zhang Yong, et al. Surface ablation features and recent variation of the lower ablation area of the Hailuogou Glacier, Mt. Gongga[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(2): 227-236. [刘巧, 刘时银, 张勇, 等. 贡嘎山海螺沟冰川消融区表面消融特征及其近期变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(2): 227-236]
[76]  Liu Qiao, Liu Shiyin. Seasonal evolution of englacial and subglacial drainage system of temperate glacier revealed by hydrological analysis[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2009, 31(5): 857-865. [刘巧, 刘时银. 温冰川冰内及冰下水系季节演化及其水文学分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2009, 31(5): 857-865.]
[77]  Collins D N. Flow-routing of meltwater in an alpine glacier as indicated by dye tracer tests[J]. Beitraeger zur Geologie der Scheiz-Hydrologie, 1982, 28: 523-534.
[78]  Vatne G, Etzelmuller B, Sollid J L, et al. Hydrology of a polythermal glacier, Erikbreen, northern Spitsbergen[J]. Nordic Hydrology, 1995, 26(3): 169-190.
[79]  Li Jijun, Zheng Benxing, Yang Xijin, et al. Glaciers of Xizang (Tibet)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1986: 1-36.
[80]  Li Jijun, Su Zheng. Glaciers in Hengduan Mountains[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1996.
[81]  Brogger W C, Reusch H H. Giants' kettles at Christiania[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 1874, 30(120): 750-771.
[82]  Zhou Shangzhe. Are all potholes markers of Quaternary glaciations [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26(1): 117-125. [周尚哲. 锅穴一定是第四纪冰川的标志吗?[J]. 第四纪研究, 2006, 26(1): 117-125.]

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133