This paper reports on the assessment of the quality and quantity of castor oil from castor seeds collected from different regions in Tanzania. The castor seeds from Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera and Morogoro regions in Tanzania were extracted by Soxhlet method using n-hexane and the oil yields were determined. The yields were 52.78%, 49.95%, 47.89%, 44.23%, 43.71% and 43.69% for Dodoma, Arusha, Iringa, Morogoro, Kagera and Dar es Salaam respectively. The physico-chemical parameters that were determined were refractive index (1.468 - 1.473), pH 5.7- 6.3, viscosity (0.943 - 0.954), specific gravity (165.50 - 187.46 mg KOH/g Oil), saponification value (76.68 - 80 mg KOH/g Oil), iodine value (76.68 - 80.12 g I2/100 g Oil), acid value (0.44 - 1.97 mg NaOH/g Oil), free fatty acid (0.22 - 0.99) and peroxide value (10.79 - 13.73). Fatty acid profile of castor oil was analysed using Shimadzu GCMS and ricinoleic acid ranged from 83.5% to 92.3% of the total fatty acids in the castor oils.
References
[1]
Bello, E.I. and Makanju, A. (2011) Production Characterization and Evaluation of Castor Oil Biodiesel as Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Science, 2, 525-530.
[2]
Nielsen, F., Hill, B. and Jongh, J. (2011) FACT Arrakis FACT Project No. 146/W/W/001, Castor (Ricinus cummunis): Potential of Castor for Bio-Fuel Production. 2nd Edition. www.factfoundation.com
[3]
Mutlu, H. and Meier, M.A.R. (2010) Castor Oil as a Renewable Resource for the Chemical Industry. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 112, 10-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900138
[4]
Alizeralu, A.F.N., Shirzad, H. and Harzati, S. (2011) The Effect of Climatic Factors on the Production and Quality of Castor Oil. Natural Science, 9, 15-19.
[5]
Okullo, A., Temu, A.K., Oguwok, P. and Ntalikwa, J.W. (2012) Physico-Chemical Properties of Biodiesel from Jatropha and Castor Oils. International Journal of Renewable. Energy Research, 2, 47-56.
[6]
Ogoniyi, D.S. (2006) Castor Oil: A Vital Industrial Raw Material. Bioresource Technology, 97, 1086-1091.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028
[7]
Salimon, J., Noor, D.A.M., Nazrizawati, A.T., Firdaus, M.Y.M. and Noraishah, A. (2010) Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Malaysian Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) Seed Oil. Sains Malaysiana, 39, 761-764.
[8]
Abigotun, A., Alademeyin, O. and Oloye, D. (2009) Extraction and Characterization of Castor Seed Oil. Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 8, 1-3.
[9]
Isah, A.G. (2006) Production of Detergent from Castor Oil. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 9, 153-160.
[10]
Weatherbase (2011) Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera and Morogoro Tanzania.
[11]
Schneider, R.C.S., Baldissarelli, V.Z., Trombetta, F., Mrtinelli, M. and Caramao, E.B. (2004) Optimization of Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis for Fatty Acids in Hydrogenated Castor Oil Obtained by Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation. Analytica Chimica Acta, 505, 223-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.070
[12]
McMaster, M.C. (2008) GC-MS: A Practical User’s Guide. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470228357
[13]
Auta, M. (2013) Extraction and Characterization of Drilling Oil from Castor Oil. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 3, 382-387.
[14]
Warra, A.A., Wawata, I.G., Gunu, S.Y. and Aujara, K.M. (2011) Extraction and Physicochemical Analysis of Some Selected Northern Nigerian Industrial Oils. Archives of Applied Science Research, 3, 536-554.
[15]
Kyari, M.Z. (2008) Extraction and Characterization of Seed Oils. International Agrophysics, 22, 139-142.
[16]
AL-Hamdany, A.J. and Jihad, T.W. (2012) Oxidation of Some Primary and Secondary Alcohols Using Pyridinium Chlorochromate. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 17, 72-76.
[17]
James, A.T., Hadaway, H.C. and Joan, P.W.W. (1965) The Biosynthesis of Ricinoleic Acid. Biochemical Journal, 95, 448-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj0950448
[18]
Akpan, U.G., Jimoh, A. and Mohammed, A.D. (2006) Extraction Characterization and Modification of Castor Seed Oil. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 8, 43-52.
[19]
Shrirame, H.Y., Panwar, N.L. and Bamniya, B.R. (2011) Bio Diesel from Castor Oil—A Green Energy Option. Low Carbon Economy, 2, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/lce.2011.21001
[20]
Shridhar, B.S., Beena, K.V., Anita, M.V. and Paramjeet, K.B. (2010) Optimization and Characterization of Castor Seed Oil. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 17, 59-70.
[21]
Aluyor, E.O. and Ori-Jesu, M. (2008) The Use of Antioxidants in Vegetable Oils—A Review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 4836-4842.
[22]
Saribiyik, O.Y., Ozcanli, M., Serin, H., Serin, S. and Aydin, K. (2010) Biodiesel Production from Ricinus communis Oil and Its Blends with Soybean Biodiesel. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 56, 811-816.
[23]
Oliniyan, A.M. (2010) Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Yield and Quality of Oil from Castor Bean. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 1, 24-33.
[24]
Muzenda, F., Kabuba, J., Mdletye, P. and Belaid, M. (2012) Optimization of Process Parameters for Castor Oil Production. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2012, Vol. III, London, 4-6 July 2012, 1586-1589.
[25]
Udiandeye, J.A., Okewale, A.O., Etuk, B.R. and Igbokwe, P.K. (2011) Investigation on the Use of Castor Seed Oil and Rubber Seed Oil as Corrosion Inhibitors. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 11, 48-54.
[26]
Bello, E.I., Mogaji, T.S. and Makanju, A. (2011) The Effects of Transesterification on Selected Fuel Properties of Three Vegetable Oils. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, 3, 218-225.
