上海郊区某养老机构老人营养不良状况调查及膳食影响因素分析 Investigation into Malnutrition Status among the Elderly of Old-Age Care Institutions in Shanghai Suburb and Analysis of Influential Dietary Factors
目的：了解上海郊区养老机构老年人营养不良的发生情况并分析可能的膳食影响因素，为养老机构合理的配膳模式提供科学依据。方法：采用微型营养评价法(MNA)评估上海郊区养老机构190名老年人的营养状况。采用称重法，对其中45名营养不良的老人进行摄食量和残食量调查，分析其营养不良的膳食影响因素。结果：该养老机构老年人营养不良的发生率为23.7%，存在营养不良风险的老年人占47.9%，营养良好的老年人仅占28.4%。营养不良老人肉类、蔬菜的残食量最多，摄入不足是营养不良的主要原因。结论：郊区养老院老年人营养不良及风险的发生率较高，营养素摄入不足与养老机构的膳食提供模式和残食量有关，应配备专职营养师，并对配膳人员进行营养宣教和指导，以提高养老机构老人的营养状况，减少营养不良的发生率。
Objectives: To know about the state of malnutrition among the elderly of old-age care institutions in Shanghai suburb and analyze potential influential dietary factors, so as to provide scientific basis for reasonable dietary collocation in old-age care institutions in the future. Methods: Mini nu-tritional assessment (MNA) was adopted to evaluate the nutritional status of the 190 elderly peo- ple of old-age care institutions in Shanghai suburb; and meanwhile, weighing method was used to investigate into the quantity of consumed food and the quantity of residual food among the 45 malnourished elderly people and explore dietary factors to malnutrition of the elderly people. Re- sults: The investigation found malnutrition occurrence rate in the institution reached 23.7% and that 47.9% of the old people were at risk of malnutrition, with well-nourished old people accounting only for 28.4%. The relatively large residual quantity in meat and vegetable and insufficiency of nutrient intake were mainly to blame for the malnutrition of the elderly people. Conclusions: Malnutrition more tends to occur among elderly people in suburb old-age care institutions, and the insufficiency of nutrient intake is related to the dietary supply mode and the quantity of residual food in old-age care institutions. Therefore, professional dieticians should be introduced and nutritional education and guidance should be provided to diet preparation personnel, so as to improve the nutritional status of elderly people in old-age care institutions and minimize the oc-currence rate of malnutrition.
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