The brightness temperature (BT) of Taklimakan Desert retrieved from the data of Landsat-7/ETM+ band 6 and Terra/MODIS band 31 and 32 indicates the following features: (1) good linear relationship between the BT of ETM+ and that of MODIS, (2) the observation time adjusted BT of ETM+ is almost equal to that of MODIS, (3) the BT of Terra/MODIS band 31 is slightly higher than that of band 32 over a reservoir while opposite feature is recognized over desert area, (4) the statistical analysis of 225 sample data of ETM+ in one pixel of MODIS for different landcovers indicates that the standard deviation and range of BT of ETM+ corresponding to one pixel of MODIS are 0 . 4 5 ° C , 2 . 2 5 ° C for a flat area of desert, while respective values of the oasis farmland and shading side of rocky hill amount to 2 . 8 8 ° C , 1 4 . 0 4 ° C , and 2 . 8 0 ° C , 1 6 . 0 4 ° C . 1. Introduction The brightness temperatures (BTs) retrieved from the data of thermal infrared (TIR) bands of the sensors onboard Terra, Aqua, and meteorological satellites are widely used in the study of global warning including energy flux between land surface and the atmosphere, while there are not a few demands for the BT retrieved from the TIR band of Landsat-7/ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). The spatial resolution of the data of the TIR band of Landsat-7/ETM+ is approximately 60？m which is a great advantage for the study of meso and small scale phenomena however it is extremely difficult to get satisfactory data due to long repeat cycle of 16 days [1, 2]. On the other hand, in case of Terra/MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and Aqua/MODIS the TIR band data can be acquired almost in daily basis although the spatial resolution is approximately 1000？m [3, 4]. For the reflective solar bands, the data of the surface reflectance of Terra/MODIS were analyzed together with the data of Landsat-7/ETM+ and confirmed that the absolute error of the land surface products was less than 5% [5]. In addition, the intercalibration between the reflected bands of Landsat-7/ETM+ and those of Terra/MODIS was performed for the vegetation analysis [6]. Based on these analyses, it was concluded that the reflectance bands of Landsat-7/ETM+ and Terra/MODIS have good linear relationship. For TIR bands the level-2 MODIS land surface temperature (LST) product of 1？km spatial resolution (MOD11_L2) obtained from the TIR bands 31 and 32 of Terra/MODIS it was confirmed that the error of LST products ranging from 263？K (？10°C) to 322？K (49°C) is less than 1？K for the atmospheric column water vapor
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