目的：了解高校新生入学一年前后的心理健康状况变化。方法：对重庆市某高校的2011级新生进行问卷调查，在一年后进行重测。结果：1) 在第二年，SCL-90各因子分、总均分，自杀意念得分，网络成瘾得分和精神质、神经质维度得分显著降低(p < 0.05)，生命质量得分和内外向、说谎维度得分显著提高(p < 0.05)；2) 生命质量上，性别的主效应显著(F = 5.981, p < 0.05)；网络成瘾上，性别的主效应显著(F = 22.520, p < 0.001)，性别和测量时间的交互作用接近显著水平(F = 3.773, p = 0.052)；精神质维度上，性别和测量时间的交互作用显著(F = 270.447, p < 0.001)；内外向维度上，性别的主效应显著(F = 50.075, p < 0.001)；说谎维度上，性别和测量时间的交互作用显著(F = 14.530, p < 0.001)；3) 精神质、神经质、网络成瘾和生命质量之间存在显著负相关，和自杀意念存在显著正相关，内外向和生命质量之间存在显著正相关，和自杀意念存在显著负相关。说谎维度和生命质量、自杀意念之间的显著性相关在两年间发生了变化。结论：一年后，学生的心理健康状况有显著提高。在生命质量、网络成瘾以及精神质、内外向和说谎维度的变化中表现出了显著的性别差异。网络成瘾、人格特征各维度与生命质量、自杀意念之间显著相关。 Objective: To explore the change of the mental health status before and after one year among col-lege freshmen. Methods: All the 2011 college freshmen in a university in Chongqing were investi-gated with questionnaire, retesting one year after. Results: 1) after a year of enrollment, SCL-90 factors scores, the total average scores, suicidal ideation scores, Internet addiction scores and psychoticism and neuroticism scores decreased significantly (p < 0.05); quality of life scores, in-troversion and lie scores improved significantly (p < 0.05); 2) the main effect of gender on the quality of life was significant (F = 5.981, p < 0.05); the main effect of gender on Internet addiction was significant (F = 22.520, p < 0.001); the interaction between gender and the measuring time was closing to significant level (F = 3.773, p = 0.052); on psychoticism dimensions, the interaction between gender and the measuring time was significant (F = 270.447, p < 0.001); the main effect of gender on the introversion dimension was significant (F = 50.075, p < 0.001); on lie dimension, the interaction between gender and the measuring time was significant (F = 14.530, p < 0.001); 3) there were significant negative correlations among psychoticism, neuroticism, Internet addiction and the quality of life; there were significant positive correlations among psychoticism, neuroticism, Internet addiction and suicidal ideation; there was a significant positive correlation between introversion and the quality of life; there was a significant negative correlation between introver-sion and suicidal ideation. The significant correlations among lie dimension, quality of life and suicidal ideation had changed. Conclusion: After one year, the mental health status of freshmen improved significantly. There were significant gender differences in the quality of life, Internet
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