Due to the importance of heterotrophic bacteria in biogeochemical cycles and their influence on water quality, many studies have assessed the composition of the bacterial community. Most of these were made in temperate freshwaters. Eighteen heterotrophic bacteria communities distributed over time and space in the water column of Carioca Lake, not exposed to anthropogenic activities, were analyzed to characterize their composition. A polyphasic approach was used, including 16S rDNA restriction analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BIOLOG Ecoplates and statistical methods. The physiological profiles among the 18 microbial communities were diverse. Clustering analysis and the metabolic fingerprint of the Biolog EcoplateTM system data separated the communities based on temporal scale. A set of 673 isolates were recovered on high nutrient medium. The 673 isolates obtained yielded 360 Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Most (313) of the ARDRA patterns, OTUs, were from isolates obtained in a single sampling point, in temporal and spatial scales, indicating changes in the bacterial community. A subset of representative isolates for each ARDRA OTU was identified by 16S rRNA gene fragment sequencing and categorized into five phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus, represented by 38 genera. The results of this work contribute to a better understanding about the phylogeny of tropical freshwater heterotrophic bacteria.
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