全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PeerJ  2015 

Diversity of introduced terrestrial flatworms in the Iberian Peninsula: a cautionary tale

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.430

Keywords: Platyhelminthes,Tricladida,Alien species,Habitat restoration,Soil fauna,Molecular identification

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Many tropical terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) have been introduced around the globe. One of these species is known to cause significant decline in earthworm populations, resulting in a reduction of ecological functions that earthworms provide. Flatworms, additionally, are a potential risk to other species that have the same dietary needs. Hence, the planarian invasion might cause significant economic losses in agriculture and damage to the ecosystem. In the Iberian Peninsula only Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 had been cited till 2007. From that year on, four more species have been cited, and several reports of the presence of these animals in particular gardens have been received. In the present study we have: (1) analyzed the animals sent by non-specialists and also the presence of terrestrial planarians in plant nurseries and garden centers; (2) identified their species through morphological and phylogenetic molecular analyses, including representatives of their areas of origin; (3) revised their dietary sources and (4) used Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) for one species to evaluate the risk of its introduction to natural areas. The results have shown the presence of at least ten species of alien terrestrial planarians, from all its phylogenetic range. International plant trade is the source of these animals, and many garden centers are acting as reservoirs. Also, landscape restoration to reintroduce autochthonous plants has facilitated their introduction close to natural forests and agricultural fields. In conclusion, there is a need to take measures on plant trade and to have special care in the treatment of restored habitats.

References

[1]  álvarez-Presas M, Baguà J, Riutort M. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of land and freshwater planarians (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes): from freshwater to land and back. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47(2):555-568
[2]  álvarez-Presas M, Carbayo F, Rozas J, Riutort M. 2011. Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) as a model organism for fine-scale phylogeographic studies: understanding patterns of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24:887-896
[3]  álvarez-Presas M, Mateos E, Vila-Farré M, Sluys R, Riutort M. 2012. Evidence for the persistence of the land planarian species Microplana terrestris (Müller, 1774) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in microrefugia during the Last Glacial Maximum in the northern section of the Iberian Peninsula. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64:491-499
[4]  Baguà J, Carranza S, Paps J, Ruiz-Trillo I, Riutort M. 2001. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of Tricladida. In: Littlewood DTJ, Bray RD, eds. Interrelationships of the platyhelminthes. London: Taylor and Francis. 49-56
[5]  Ball IR, Reynoldson TB. 1981. British planarians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6]  Baptista VA, Leal-Zanchet AM. 2010. Land flatworm community structure in a subtropical deciduous forest in Southern Brazil. Belgian Journal of Zoology 140(suppl):83-90
[7]  Barnwell GM. 1978. Geoplana vaga, as sexually reproducing terrestrial planarian in San Antonio. The Southwest Naturalist 23:151-152
[8]  Boag B, Yeates GW, Johns PM. 1998. Limitations to the distribution and spread of terrestrial flatworms with special reference to the New Zealand flatworm (Artrioposthia triangulata) Pedobiologia 42:495-503
[9]  Boag B, Neilson R. 2006. Impact of New Zealand flatworm on agricultura and wildlife in Scotland. In: Proceedings of crop protection in northern Britain conference. 51-56
[10]  Boag B, Neilson R, Jones HD. 2010. Quantifying the risk to biodiversity by alien terrestrial planarians. Aspects of Applied Biology 104:55-61
[11]  Boix D, Sala J. 2001. Presència del gènere Rhynchodemus (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) a la Península Ibérica. Scientia Gerundensis 25:31-32
[12]  Breugelmans K, Cardona JQ, Artois T, Jordaens K, Backeljau T. 2012. First report of the exotic blue land planarian, Caenoplana coerulea (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae), on Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) ZooKeys 199:91-105
[13]  Campbell JE, Gibson DJ. 2001. The effect of seeds of exotic species transported via horse dung on vegetation along trail corridors. Plant Ecology 157:23-35
[14]  Cannon RJC, Baker RHA, Taylor MC, Moore JP. 1999. A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK. Annals of Applied Biology 135(3):597-614
[15]  Carbayo F, Leal-Zanchet AM, Vieira EM. 2002. Terrestrial flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) diversity versus man-induced disturbance in an ombrophilous forest in southern Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 11(6):1091-1104
[16]  Carbayo F, álvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):508-528
[17]  Carranza S, Giribet G, Ribera C, Baguà J, Riutort M. 1996. Evidence that two types of 18s rDNA Coexist in the Genome of Dugesia (Schmidtea) mediterranea (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) Molecular Biology and Evolution 13:824-832
[18]  Carranza S, Littlewood DTJ, Clough KA, Ruiz-Trillo I, Baguà J, Riutort M. 1998. A robust molecular phylogeny of the Tricladida (Platyhelminthes: Seriata) with a discussion on morphological synapomorphies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 265(1396):631-640
[19]  Darriba D, Taboada GL, Doallo R, Posada D. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9(8):772
[20]  DEFRA. 2005. Code of practice to prevent the spread of non-indigenous flatworms. Available at http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/flat.htm (accessed 28 March 2014)
[21]  Dehnen-Schmutz K, Holdenrieder O, Jeger MJ, Pautasso M. 2010. Structural change in the international horticultural industry: some implications for plant health. Scientia Horticulturae 125:1-15
[22]  DOVE. 2012. Code of practice to prevent the spread of non-indigenous flatworms. Dove Associates 17/01/2012
[23]  Drew J, Anderson N, Andow D. 2010. Conundrums of a complex vector for invasive species control: a detailed examination of the horticultural industry. Biological Invasions 12:2837-2851
[24]  Ducey PK, Noce S. 1998. Successful invasion of New York State by the terrestrial flatworm, Bipalium adventitium. Northeastern Naturalist 5(3):199-206
[25]  EPPO. 2000a. Import requirements concerning Arthurdendyus triangulatus. EPPO Standard PM 1/3(1)
[26]  EPPO. 2000b. Nursery inspection, exclusion and treatment for Arthurdendyus triangulatus. EPPO Standard PM 1/4(1)
[27]  Faubel A. 2004. Fauna Europaea: Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola. Fauna Europaea version 1.1. Available at http://www.faunaeur.org (accessed 28 March 2014)
[28]  Fernández F, Lago D, Negrete L, Brusa F, Damborenea C, Norea C. 2013. Presencia de Obama marmorata (Schultze & Müller, 1857) SF Geoplaninae en la Península Ibérica. primer registro de este género para Europa. [abstract no 6]. VI Jornadas del Departament de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (MNCN-CSIC)-2013:19. Available at http://www.ucm.es/data/cont/media/www/12049/LIbro_Resumenes_JsBBE-MNCN-2013%20%281%29.pdf (accessed 1 may 2014)
[29]  Filella-Subirà E. 1983. Nota sobre la presència de la planària terestre Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 a Catalunya. Butlleti de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural 49:151
[30]  Froehlich CG. 1956. On the biology of land planarians. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de So Paulo, Série Zoologia 20:263-271
[31]  Great Britain Non-Native Species Secretariat. 2013. Kontikia flatworms (Kontikia ventrolineata and andersoni). Available at http://www.nonnativespecies.org/downloadDocument.cfm?id=147 (accessed 1 May 2014)
[32]  Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41:95-98
[33]  Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15):1965-1978
[34]  Hill MA, Merickel F. 2011. A new state record of Bipalium adventitium Hyman, 1943 (Tricladida: Platyhelminthes) from Idaho, with a key to the species of Bipalium known to inhabit the United States. Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science 47(1):25-27
[35]  Hogan RN, Dunne R. 1996. The distribution of the New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Naturalist Journal 25(6):210-212
[36]  Jari I, Cvijanovi G. 2012. The tens rule in invasion biology: measure of a true impact or our lack of knowledge and understanding? Environmental Management 50:979-981
[37]  Jones HD. 1988. The status and distribution of British terrestrial planarians. Progress in Zoology 36:511-516
[38]  Jones HD. 1998. The African and European land planarian fauna, with an identification guide for field workers in Europe. Pedobiologia 42:477-489
[39]  Jones HD. 2005. British land flatworms. British Wildlife 16:189-194
[40]  Jones HD, Johns PM, Winsor L. 1998. The proposed synonymy of Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy, 1892) and Kontikia mexicana (Hyman, 1939): what is a penis papilla? Hydrobiologia 383:91-96
[41]  Jones HD, Webster BL, Littlewood DTJ, McDonald JC. 2008. Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe. Zootaxa 1945:1-38
[42]  Justine JL, Winsor L, Gey D, Gros P, Thévenot J. 2014. The invasive New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari in France, the first record for Europe: time for action is now. PeerJ 2:e297
[43]  Katoh K, Standley DM. 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30(4):772-780
[44]  Lázaro EM, Sluys R, Pala M, Stocchino GA, Baguà J, Riutort M. 2009. Molecular barcoding and phylogeography of sexual and asexual freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia in the Western Mediterranean (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52(3):835-845
[45]  Lilleskov E, Callaham MA, Pouyat R, Smith JE, Castellano M, Gonzalez G, Lodge DJ, Arango R, Green F. 2010. Invasive soil organisms and their effects on belowground processes. In: Dix ME, Britton K, eds. A dynamic invasive species research vision: opportunities and priorities 2009–29. Washington DC: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development GTR WO-79/83. 67-83
[46]  Mateos E, Cabrera C, Carranza S, Riutort M. 2009. Molecular analysis of the diversity of terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in the Iberian Peninsula. Zoologica Scripta 38(6):637-649
[47]  Mateos E, Giribet G, Carranza S. 1998. Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from the Iberian peninsula: first records of the family Rhynchodemidae, with the description of a new Microplana species. Contributions to Zoology 67(4):267-276
[48]  Mateos E, Tudó A, álvarez-Presas M, Riutort M. 2013. Planàries terrestres exòtiques a la Garrotxa. Annals de la Delegació de la Garrotxa de la ICHN 6:67-73
[49]  McDonald JC, Jones HD. 2007. Abundance, reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: observations over 4 years. Journal of Natural History 41(5–8):293-312
[50]  Mather JG, Christensen OM. 1992. The exotic land planarian Artioposthia triangulata in the Faroe Islands: colonization and habitats. Fródskaparrit 40:49-60
[51]  Minelli A. 1977. A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino di Zoologia 44:399-419
[52]  National Research Council. 2002. Predicting invasions of nonindigenous plants and plant pests. Committee on the Scientific Basis for Predicting the Invasive Potential of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests in the United States, National Research Council. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
[53]  Ogren RE. 1985. The human factor in the spread of an exotic planarian in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 59:117-118
[54]  Ogren RE, Kawakatsu M. 1998. American Nearctic and Neotropical land planarian (Tricladida: Terricola) faunas. Pedobiologia 42:441-451
[55]  Olewine DA. 1972. Further observations on the land planarians, Bipalium kewense and Geoplana vaga (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) Bulletin of the Association for Southeastern Biologists 19:88
[56]  Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190(3–4):231-259
[57]  Phillips SJ, Dudík M. 2008. Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography 31(2):161-175
[58]  Richardson DM, Pyek P, Rejmánek M, Barbour MG, Panetta FD, West CJ. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions 6(2):93-107
[59]  Ronquist F, Teslenko M, van der Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Hhna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61(3):539-542
[60]  Roques A, Rabitsch W, Rasplus JY, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Nentwig W, Kenis M. 2009. Alien terrestrial invertebrates of Europe. In: DAISIE handbook of alien species in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer. 63-79
[61]  SEERAD. 2000. Biological and ecological studies of the New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangulatus: towards a comprehensive risk assessment for the UK. Final Report for the period 1st March 1997 to 31st March 2000. Central Science Laboratory Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York
[62]  Sluys R, Kawakatsu M, Riutort M, Baguà J. 2009. A new higher classification of planarian flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) Journal of Natural History 43(29–30):1763-1777
[63]  Simberloff D, Martin JL, Genovesi P, Maris V, Wardle DA, Aronson J, Courchamp F, Galil B, García-Berthou E, Pascal M, Pysek P, Sousa R, Tabacchi E, Vilà M. 2013. Impacts of biological invasions: what’s what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28(1):58-66
[64]  Stamatakis A. 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22(21):2688-2690
[65]  Sugiura S. 2008. Hot water tolerance of soil animals: utility of hot water immersions for biological invasions of soil animals. Applied Entomology and Zoology 43:207-212
[66]  Sunnucks P, Blacket MJ, Taylor JM, Sands CJ, Ciavaglia SA, Garrick RC, Tait NN, Rowell DM, Pavlova A. 2006. A tale of two flatties: different responses of two terrestrial flatworms to past environmental climatic fluctuations at Tallaganda in montane southeastern Australia. Molecular Ecology 15:4513-4531
[67]  Terrace TE, Baker GH. 1994. The blue land planarian, Caenoplana coerulea Moseley (Tricladida: Geoplanidae), a predator of Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas) (Diplopoda: Julidae) in South Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology 33:371-372
[68]  Vilà M, Basnou C, Pysek P, Josefsson M, Genovesi P, Gollasch S, Nentwig W, Olenin S, Roques A, Roy D, Hulme PE, DAISIE partners. 2010. How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services? A pan-European, cross-taxa assessment. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8:135-144
[69]  Vila-Farré M, Mateos E, Sluys R, Romero R. 2008. Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of three new species. Zootaxa 1739:1-20
[70]  Vila-Farré M, Sluys R, Mateos E, Jones HD, Romero R. 2011. Land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of two new species, with a discussion on ecology. Journal of Natural History 45(15–16):869-891
[71]  Wallner W. 1937. Rhynchodemus terrestris, eine Landplanarie. Bltter Aquarien und Terrarienkunde 48:224-227
[72]  Williamson M. 1996. Biological invasions. London: Chapman and Hall.
[73]  Williamson MH, Brown KC. 1986. The analysis and modelling of British invasions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 314:505-522
[74]  Williamson M, Fitter A. 1996. The varying success of invaders. Ecology 77(6):1661-1666
[75]  Winsor L, Johns PM, Barker GM. 2004. Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) predaceous on terrestrial gastropods. In: Barker GM, ed. Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs. London: CAB International. 227-278
[76]  Winsor L, Johns PM, Yeates GW. 1998. Introduction, and ecological and systematic background, to the Terricola (Tricladida) Pedobiologia 42:389-404

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133