The aims of this research are to investigate the effect of different surface treatment methods on the different properties of date palm fiber (DPF) compared to raw DPF fibers such as surface morphology, density, thermal stability, and tensile properties. The first surface treatment is called surface hand cleaning which can be carried out by cleaning the fibers by soft sand cloth; the second one is the same as the first one after DPF heat treatment in the furnace at 100°C for 1.5？h and the third one is by chemical treatment with 1% NaOH at 100°C for 1？h. The results showed that the mechanical performance of DPF was enhanced by the different treatments and the chemical treatment has pronounced effect on the behavior of DPF. Raw fibers showed the highest variability and presented the lowest value of Weibull modulus, whereas the fibers showed less variability by carrying out the different treatments. Moreover, using soda treatment cleans the fiber surface which causes fibrillation and therefore the tensile strength of the fibers increases. 1. Introduction Due to environment and sustainability considerations, the development of high-performance materials made from natural resources is increasing worldwide. The greatest challenge in working with natural fiber reinforced plastic composites is lower CO2 emission compared to that of synthetic fibers [1]. The application of natural composites is being targeted in various fields due to the environmental and economic benefits which could be used in automotive industry as interior parts and in constructions sector such as walls and roofs. The use of natural plant fibers as reinforcement in fiber-reinforced plastics is receiving more attention recently, because of their advantages such as renewability, low density, and high specific strength. However, there are some disadvantages associated with the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. These include the incompatibility between fibers and polymer matrices, tendency to form aggregates during processing and poor moisture resistance, and so forth [2–4]. Different natural fibers such as jute, coir, banana, straw, palm, and others have been previously investigated to be used as natural reinforcements in composites [5–9]. Moreover, natural fibers were used as natural hybrids by a proper combination of natural reinforcements, that is, hybridization as reported in [10–13]. Evaluation of the mechanical performance of natural fiber composites depends on the mechanical behavior of the natural fibers which depends on the climate and harvesting conditions,
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