Few countries in sub-Saharan Africa make systematic searches for antigens C, c, E, and e of the Rh and Kell system antigens in the donor and recipient, thereby exposing transfused patients. Purpose and Objectives. In this paper, we propose to determine the red cell Rh and Kell blood groups among blood donors from traditional techniques to improve medical care of transfused patients. This study will allow us to assess the frequency of blood group antigens in these systems. Study Design and Methods. We carried out a study on the red cell typing in the blood donor population of the National Blood Transfusion Center in Abidjan. This study was performed on 651 blood donors. Results. For the Rh system, the antigen frequencies of D, c, e, C, and E are, respectively, 92.93%, 99.85%, 99.85%, 21.97%, and 13.82%. K antigen is found in 0.77% of donors. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the frequencies of the most immunogenic antigens are lower than in the white race, lack of preventive measures makes the immunological risk high in Africa. Furthermore, Africa is full of specificities that are important to note for a better care of our patients. 1. Introduction In Cote d’Ivoire and in other African countries [1, 2], most of transfusions are done only based on ABO and D antigens. Although blood transfusions can save life, they are not without risk. Blood transfusion can carry immediate or delayed immunological risks; the most common and most serious is the hemolytic transfusion reaction by antibody incompatibility. Knowledge about the frequency of red cells antigens phenotypes in Ivorian population is important for the creation of a donor data bank and to minimize risks of alloimmunization. This requires the determination of the immunological characteristics of blood products and blood recipients by performing immunohematology analysis such as phenotyping in Rh and Kell blood group systems. Currently, there are thirty-three major blood group systems [3], but analyses recommended in the usual situation are ABO, Rh, and Kell typing and detecting red cell antibodies. Unfortunately, in sub-Saharan countries, few practice this systematic search for antigens C, c, e, E, and K in the donor and recipient, thereby exposing the transfused patient to high risk of alloimmunization [4]. Very few studies are available, reporting antigens frequencies of Rh and Kell blood groups in sub-Saharan countries. This study is the first report on the frequency of blood groups system Rh and Kell in blood donors in Cote d’Ivoire. This work will perform Rh and Kell red cell typing among blood
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