We are reporting synthesis and structural and optical investigation of strontium bismuth titanate borosilicate glasses with addition of one mole percent cerium oxide (CeO2). Glasses were synthesized by conventional rapid melt quench method. XRD studies of the glass samples confirm the amorphous nature. Infrared absorption spectra various strontium bismuth titanate borosilicate glass samples having glass system 60[()TiO3]-39[2SiO2B2O3]-1[CeO2] () were recorded over a continuous spectral range from 400 to 4000?cm?1. IR spectra were analyzed to determine and differentiate of various vibrational modes in the structural change. Raman spectroscopy of all glass samples was also carried out in the wave number range from 200 to 2000?cm?1. 1. Introduction Glasses are defined as inorganic product of fusion which has been cooled to a rigid condition without crystallization [1]. The main distinction between glass and crystal is the presence of long range order in the crystal structure. For many years glasses containing transition metal ions have attracted attention because of their potential applications in electrochemical, electronic, and electrooptics devices [2]. The most important fact about the glass is that it is amorphous, transparent, and brittle in nature. The glass has been used as an engineering material since ancient time. But because of rapid progress made in the glass industry in recent time, the glass has come out as the most versatile engineering material of the modern time. With help of techniques developed in the glass industry, the glass of any type and quality can be produced to suit the requirements of different industries. Glass has become established as commercially important material in the field of consumer product, vacuum tube envelops, telescope mirror blanks, radomes for the aerospace industry, and protective coating for metal [3]. The study of various oxide glasses has received considerable attention due to their structural property [4, 5]. These glasses have wide application in the field of electronics, nuclear and solar energy technologies, and acoustic-optics device [6–10]. The IR spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used by organic and inorganic chemists. Simply it is the absorption measurement of different IR frequencies by sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. The main goal of IR spectroscopic analysis is to determine the chemical functional group of the samples. Using various samples accessories, IR spectrometer can accept a range of samples such as gasses, liquids, and solids. The IR spectroscopy
References
[1]
M. Yamane and Y. Asahara, Glasses for Photonics, Cambridgve Uniersity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
[2]
S. Murugavel and B. Roling, “Ion transport mechanism in borate glasses: influence of network structure on non-Arrhenius conductivity,” Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, vol. 76, no. 18, Article ID 180202, 2007.
[3]
A. Abou Shama and F. H. El-Batal, “Structural analysis of glassy lead borate containing MoO3 in relation to its optical properties,” Egyptian Journal of Solids, vol. 29, pp. 49–67, 2006.
[4]
E. I. Kamitsos and M. A. Karakassides, “Infrared studies of borate glasses,” Physics and Chemistry of Glasses, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 1989.
[5]
S. G. Motke, S. P. Yawale, and S. S. Yawale, “Infrared spectra of zinc doped lead borate glasses,” Bulletin of Materials Science, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 75–78, 2002.
[6]
V. Rajendran, N. Palanivelu, H. A. El-Batal, F. A. Khalifa, and N. A. Shaft, “Effect of Al2O3 addition on the acoustical properties of lithium borate glasses,” Acoustics Letters, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 113–121, 1999.
[7]
H. Hirashima, D. Arai, and T. Yoshida, “Electrical conductivity of PbO-P2O5V2O5 glasses,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 486–489, 1985.
[8]
A. Khanna, S. S. Bhatti, K. J. Singh, and K. S. Thind, “Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients in some heavy metal oxide borate glasses at 662 keV,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 114, no. 3-4, pp. 217–220, 1996.
[9]
K. Singh, H. Singh, V. Sharma et al., “Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients in bismuth borate glasses,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 194, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2002.
[10]
A. Khanna, A. Saini, B. Chen, F. González, and B. Ortiz, “Structural characterization of PbO–B2O3–SiO2 glasses,” Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 65–73, 2014.
[11]
S. Hsu, Separation Sciences Research and Product Development, Mallinckrodt Baker division and Mallinckrodt.
[12]
W. N. Lawless, “Three application areas for strontium titanate glass-ceramics,” Ferroelectrics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 287–293, 1972.
[13]
B. Schrader, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, John Wiley & Sons, London, UK, 1995.
[14]
J. R. Ferraro and J. S. Jiomek, Introductory Group Theory and Its Applications to Molecular Structure, Plenum Press, New York, NY, USA, 1969.
[15]
D. L. Rouseau, R. P. Bauman, and S. P. S. Porto, “Normal mode determination in crystals,” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, vol. 10, pp. 253–290, 1981.
[16]
C. R. Gautam, D. Kumar, and O. Parkash, “IR study of Pb-Sr titanate borosilicate glasses,” Bulletin of Materials Science, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 145–148, 2010.
[17]
C. R. Gautam and A. K. Yadav, “Synthesis and optical investigations on (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glasses doped with La2O3,” Optics and Photonics Journal, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1–7, 2013.
[18]
C. R. Gautam, A. K. Yadav, V. K. Mishra, and K. Vikram, “Synthesis, IR and Raman spectroscopic studies of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glasses with addition of La2O3,” Open Journal of Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials, vol. 2, pp. 47–54, 2012.
[19]
C. R. Gautam, A. K. Yadav, and A. K. Singh, “A review on infrared spectroscopy of borate glasses with effects of different additives,” ISRN Ceramics, vol. 2012, Article ID 428497, 17 pages, 2012.
[20]
C. R. Gautam, A. K. Singh, and A. K. Yadav, “Synthesis and optical characterization of ( Pb, Bi)TiO3 borosilicate glass system,” International Journal of Applied Natural Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 69–74, 2012.
[21]
A. M. Efimov, “Quantitative IR spectroscopy: applications to studying glass structure and properties,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 203, pp. 1–11, 1996.
[22]
A. Venkataraman, V. A. Hiremath, S. K. Date, and S. D. Kulkarni, “A new combustion route to -Fe2O3 synthesis,” Bulletin of Materials Science, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 617–621, 2001.
[23]
V. Rajendran, N. Palanivelu, D. K. Modak, and B. K. Chaudhuri, “Ultrasonic investigation on ferroelectric BaTiO3 doped 80V,” Physica Status Solidi A, vol. 80, pp. 467–477, 2000.
[24]
S. Y. Marzouk and M. S. Gaafar, “Ultrasonic study on some borosilicate glasses doped with different transition metal oxides,” Solid State Communications, vol. 144, no. 10-11, pp. 478–483, 2007.
[25]
W. Soppe, C. van der Marel, W. F. van Gunsteren, and H. W. den Hartog, “New insights into the structure of B2O3 glass,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 103, no. 2-3, pp. 201–209, 1988.
[26]
P. Vasantharani and M. Vijayalakshmi, “Acoustic properties of lead-vanadate glass system,” International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Physics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 11–14, 2011.
[27]
J. E. Shelby, Density and Molar Volume, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1997.
[28]
R. V. Adams and R. W. Douglas, “Infra-red studies on various samples of fused silica with special reference to the bands due to water,” Journal of the Society of Glass Technology, vol. 43, pp. 147–158, 1959.
[29]
H. Dunken and R. H. Doremus, “Short time reactions of a Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass with water and salt solutions,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 61–72, 1987.
[30]
R. D. Husung and R. H. Doremus, “Infrared transmission spectra of four silicate glasses before and after exposure to water,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 2209–2217, 1990.
[31]
N. A. Ghoneim, H. A. El Batal, N. Abdel Shafi, and M. H. Azooz, “Synthesis and characterization of cadmium doped lead-borate glasses,” in Proceeding of the Egyptian Conference of Chemistry, p. 162, 1996.
[32]
F. M. E. Eldin, N. A. E. L. Alaily, F. A. Khalifa, and H. A. E. L. Batal, “Fundamental of glass science and technology,” in Proceedings of the 3rd European Society of Glass Science and Technology Conference (ESG '95), Würzburg, Germany, 1995.
[33]
A. S. Tenney and J. Wong, “Vibrational spectra of vapor-deposited binary borosilicate glasses,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 5516–5523, 1972.
[34]
B. N. Meera and J. Ramakrishna, “Raman spectral studies of borate glasses,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 159, no. 1-2, pp. 1–21, 1993.
[35]
W. Kern and R. C. Heim, “Chemical vapor deposition of silicate glasses for use with silicon devices: II. Film Properties,” Journal of Electrochemical Society, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 568–573, 1970.