Objective. To assess whether or not there was any change in the dental caries and rate of salivary flow of patients with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and the contribution of salivary flow to caries risk in IDDM. Setting. Department of Endocrinology, MS Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, India. Design. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive type. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of two groups: 140 diabetic group (mean age 14.8？yr) and 140 nondiabetic group (mean age 13.7？yr). Dental caries by dmf(t) and dmf(s) indices for primary dentition and DMF(T) and DMF(S) indices was used in permanent dentition to assess the dental caries experience. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were assessed after collection of saliva. Results. In diabetic group 76% had carious lesion and in nondiabetic group 85.3% had carious lesion. Diabetics have lower mean DMFT, DMFS, dmft, and dmfs compared to the nondiabetic group. Diminished unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in diabetic than nondiabetic group. Conclusions. The findings obtained conclude that even though there was reduced salivary flow rate in diabetic group the caries prevalence was low. 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, which affects the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. The most obvious abnormality is a high level of blood glucose especially following a meal. According to data of World Health Organization DIAMOND Project Group, while the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was low in Asia and South America and high in Europe [1], in India many hospital records and clinic data indicate that young diabetics (diabetes onset before 15 years) constitute 1–5% of the total diabetic subjects enrolled. South India has a lower incidence of 10.5/100,000/year [1]. The current concept in diabetic care with blood glucose monitoring and frequent injections of short-acting insulin allows a less restricted diet [2]. This may affect oral health rapidly and therefore requires attention. However, there are many internal and external factors which might contribute to diabetes mellitus and in turn affect the general health and more so oral health. Inflammatory disease of the periodontium considered as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus [3]. The influence of diabetes on the risk of developing increased prevalence of dental caries in patients with type 1 diabetes has been the subject of much discussion in literature. On one hand, some authors [4] have reported fewer caries in type 1
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