全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

HIV Prevention Using Films: HIV/AIDS Positive African American Women Respond through Interpersonal Relationships in Life Support

DOI: 10.4236/jss.2014.211016, PP. 110-118

Keywords: African American Women, Films, Framing Analysis, HIV/AIDS, Life Support, Social Change

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

HIV/AIDS has had a profound effect on the African American community. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1], in 2010, African American women accounted for more than 25% of new HIV cases among Blacks. This staggering statistic has sparked social campaigns, including films that aim to address or hinder the spread of HIV. The film Life Support focuses on the social issues that shape the lives of African American women with HIV/AIDS. This study analyzed the film using Black feminist thought as the conceptual framework for understanding the everyday experiences of the main character, Ana, related to contracting the disease, stigma, sexuality, support systems, and coping mechanisms. It shows that knowledge is an important tool for living and coping with the disease. Additionally, it explores the image of HIV/AIDS among African American women. The film’s themes include Ana as a change agent, Life Support conversations, and positive and negative relationships.

References

[1]  Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2013) HIV among African Americans: Fact Sheet. http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/CDC-HIV-AA-508.pdf
[2]  Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2013) HIV among Women. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/gender/women/facts/index.html
[3]  Mondanaro, J. (1990) Community-Based AIDS Prevention Interventions. Special Issue of Women Intravenous Drug Users. In: Leukefeld, C.G., Battes, R.J. and Amsel, Z., Eds., AIDS and Intravenous Drug Use: Future Directions for Community-Based Prevention Research, NIDA Research Monograph 93, US Department of Health and Human Services, 68-81. http://www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/monographs/93.pdf#page=83
[4]  HBO Films Life Support (2008) Synopsis. http://www.hbo.com/films/lifesupport/synopsis/index.html
[5]  Collins, P.H. (1990) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Unwin Hyman, Inc., Boston.
[6]  Maibach, E.W., Kreps, G.L. and Bonaguro, E.W. (1993) Developing Strategic Communication Campaigns for HIV/AIDS Prevention. In: Ratzan, S.C., Ed., AIDS: Effective Health Communication for the 90s, Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 15-35.
[7]  Singhal, A. and Rogers, E.M. (2003) Combating AIDS: Communication Strategies in Action. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
[8]  Singhal, A. and Vasanti, P.N. (2005) The Role of Popular Narratives in Stimulating the Public Discourse on HIV/AIDS: Bollywood’s Answer to Hollywood’s Philadelphia. South Asian Popular Culture, 3, 3-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14746680500118533
[9]  Singhal, A. and Rogers, E.M. (2004) The Status of Entertainment-Education Worldwide. In: Singhal, A., Cody, M.J., Rogers, E.M. and Sabido, M., Eds., Entertainment-Education and Social Change: History, Research, and Practice, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, 3-20.
[10]  Onsomu, E.O., Moore, D., Abuya, B.A., Valentine, P. and Duren-Winfield, V. (2013) Importance of the Media in Scaling-Up HIV Testing in Kenya. SAGE Open, 3, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244013497721
[11]  Signorielli, N. (1998) Health Images on Television. In: Jackson, L.D. and Duffy, B.K., Eds., Health Communication Research: A Guide to Developments and Directions, Greenwood Press, Westport, 163-180.
[12]  Du Pre, A. (2004) Communicating about Health: Current Issues and Perspectives. 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, Burr Ridge.
[13]  Hodes, R. (2007) HIV/AIDS in South African Documentary Film, c. 1990-2000. Journal of Southern African Studies, 33, 153-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070601136673
[14]  Kitzinger, J. (1994) Visible and Invisible Women in AIDS Discourses. In: Doyal, L., Naidoo, J. and Wilton, T., Eds., AIDS: Setting a Feminist Agenda, Taylor & Francis Inc., Bristol, 95-109.
[15]  Waites, K.J. (2006) Invisible Woman: Herbert Ross’ Boys on the Side Puts HIV/AIDS and Women in Their Place. The Journal of Popular Culture, 39, 479-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2006.00259.x
[16]  Wood, J.T. (2005) Feminist Standpoint Theory and Muted Group Theory: Commonalities and Divergences. Women and Language, 28, 61-64.
[17]  Stephens, D.P. and Phillips, L. (2005) Integrating Black Feminist Thought into Conceptual Frameworks of African American Adolescent Women’s Sexual Scripting Processes. Sexualities, Evolution and Gender, 7, 37-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616660500112725
[18]  Gentry, Q.M. (2007) Black Women’s Risk for HIV: Rough Living. The Hawthorn Press, New York.
[19]  Entman, R.M. (1993) Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
[20]  Jasperson, A.E., Shah, D.V., Watts, M., Faber, R.J. and Fan, D.P. (1998) Framing and the Public Agenda: Media Effects on the Importance of the Federal Budget Deficit. Political Communication, 15, 205-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584609809342366
[21]  Gamson, W.A., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W. and Sasson, T. (1992) Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 373-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.002105
[22]  Gamson, W.A. (1989) News as Framing: Comments on Graber. American Behavioral Scientist, 33, 157-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764289033002006
[23]  Schulte, S.R. (2012) The Political Power of Films: Traffic’s Impact on Drug Policy Debates. Southern Communication Journal, 77, 45-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1041794x.2011.578702
[24]  Rogers, E.M. (2003) Diffusion of Innovations. 5th Edition, Free Press, New York.
[25]  Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2008) HIV/AIDS among Women. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/women/resources/factsheets/pdf/women.pdf
[26]  Foxx, J. (Executive Producer) and George, N. (Director) (2007) Life Support. Foxx/King Entertainment/Flavor Unit Films, United States.
[27]  Hooks, B. (1993) Sisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-Recovery. South End Press, Boston.
[28]  Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2014) HIV among Women. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk_women.pdf
[29]  The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (2006) HIV/AIDS Policy Fact Sheet. http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/6089-03.pdf
[30]  Gollub, E.L. (2000) The Female Condom: Tool for Women’s Empowerment. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1377-1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.90.9.1377
[31]  Shervington, D.O. (1993) The Acceptability of the Female Condom among Low-Income African-American Women. Journal of the National Medical Association, 85, 341-347.
[32]  PATH, UNFPA (2006) Female Condom: A Powerful Tool for Protection. Seattle. http://www.path.org/publications/files/RH_female_condom.pdf
[33]  Herek, G.M. and Capitanio, J.P. (1999) AIDS Stigma and Sexual Prejudice. American Behavioral Scientist, 42, 1130-1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764299042007006
[34]  The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (2006) Kaiser Public Opinion Spotlight. http://www.kff.org/spotlight/hivstigma/upload/Spotlight_Aug06_Stigma-pdf
[35]  Herek, G.M., Capitanio, J.P. and Widaman, K.F. (2002) HIV-Related Stigma and Knowledge in the United States: Prevalence and Trends, 1991-1999. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 371-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.3.371
[36]  Lloyd, G.A. (1988) HIV-Infection, AIDS, and Family Disruption. In: Fleming, A.F., Carballo, M., FitzSimons, D.W., Bailey, M.R. and Mann, J., Eds., The Global Impact of AIDS, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 183-190.
[37]  Maman, S., Mbwambo, J.K., Hogan, N.M., Kilonzo, G.P., Campbell, J.C., Weiss, E. and Sweat, M.D. (2002) HIV- Positive Women Report Lifetime Partner Violence: Findings from a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1331-1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1331
[38]  The Global Coalition on Women and AIDS (n.d.) Issue Brief: Stopping Violence against Women and Girls for Effective HIV Responses. http://www.womenandaids.net/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?guid=c72d38e4-dfdb-441c-ad81-159866cc1491
[39]  Millet, G., Malebranche, D., Mason., B. and Spikes, P. (2005) Focusing “Down Low”: Bisexual Black Men, HIV Risk and Heterosexual Transmission. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97, 52S-58S.
[40]  Stokes, J.P., McKirnan, D.J., Doll, L. and Burzette, R.G. (1996) Female Partners of Bisexual Men: What They Don’t Know Might Hurt Them. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 267-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00470.x
[41]  Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Flannery, D., Rice, E. and Lester, P. (2005) Families Living with HIV. AIDS Care, 17, 978-987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500101690
[42]  Yarhouse, M.A. (2003) Working with Families Affected by HIV/AIDS. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 125-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926180301124
[43]  Vallerand, A.H., Hough, E., Pittiglio, L. and Marvicsin, D. (2005) The Process of Disclosing HIV Serostatus between HIV-Positive Mothers and Their HIV-Negative Children. AIDS Patient Care and STDS, 19, 100-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2005.19.100
[44]  Williams, S.E. (2003) HIV-Positive African American Women and Their Families: Barriers to Effective Family Coping. In: Gilbert, D.J. and Wright, E.M., Eds., African American Women and HIV/AIDS Critical Responses, Praeger Publishers, Westport, 77-84.
[45]  Moore, D., Onsomu, E.O. and Abuya, B.A. (2011) Entertainment-Education for Stating HIV/AIDS Discussions and Reducing Stigma: African American College Students’ Reactions to the Film Yesterday. Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity: Research, Education and Policy, 4, 563-573.
[46]  Foss, S.K., Foss, K.A. and Trapp, R. (2002) Contemporary Perspective on Rhetoric. 3rd Edition, Waveland Press, Inc., Prospect Heights.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133