This paper
presents a novel concept, the Hybrid Power Pack (HPP), which consists of a
hybridization kit for transforming small city cars, powered by an original
diesel engine, into a parallel hybrid vehicle. The study was jointly conducted
by the University of Rome “Sapienza” and the Enea Casaccia research center. The
idea is to design a hybrid powertrain that can be installed in a typical
microcar, which means that all systems and components will be influenced by the
limited space available in the motor compartment of the vehicle. In this paper
the details of the mechanical and electrical realization of the powertrain will
be discussed and the simulation of a small city car equipped with HPP will be
presented and the results discussed and analyzed. The hybrid system also
includes the battery pack which is composed of twenty-four Li-ion cells made by
EIG, connected in series. The storage system is controlled as regards the
voltage and temperature by a Battery Management System (BMS). All the above
components are connected and managed by a control unit. The HPP presented in
this paper obtains a reduction in fuel consumption higher than 20%. The
solution presented with the HPP with its management strategy and the addition
of the “plug-in function” makes the hybrid vehicle suitable in terms of
performance and consumption in every driving conditions. The ideal strategy
behind the “plug-in function” could represent a guideline for further
achievements and experimentations, because it offers a simple hardware layout
and a real reduction in fuel consumption.
References
[1]
EPA (2013) Testing and Measuring Emissions. [Online] http://www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/dynamometer.htm
[2]
Martellucci, L. and Santoro, M. (2003) Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Tank. The 20th International Electric Fuel Cell and Hybrid Vehicle Symposium, Long Beach, 17 September 2003.
[3]
Martellucci, L. (2007) Auxiliary Power Unit Design for an Hybrid Propulsion System with Ultracapacitor Storage System, SAE ICE 07, Capri, Italy. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-24-0075
[4]
Martellucci, L., Di Giacomo, V., Rossi, E. and Sgreccia, S. (2009) Urb-E: ENEA Project for a Low Consumption Urban Vehicle, EVS24 Congress, Stavanger, 14 March 2009.
[5]
Badin, F., Briat, O., Olivier, S., Jeanneret, B., Trigui, R. and Malaquin, B. (2004) The Use of Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE VPP 2004—Intemational Symposium on Vehicular Power and Propulsion, Paris, 6-8 October 2004.
[6]
Affanni, A., Bellini, A., Franceschini, G., Guglielmi, P. and Tassoni, C. (2005) Battery Choice and Management for New Generation Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 52, 1343-1349.
[7]
He, H.-W., Xiong, R. and Chang, Y.-H. (2010) Dynamic Modeling and Simulation on a Hybrid Power System for Electric Vehicle Applications. Energies, 3, 1821-1830.
[8]
Hu, X.S., Sun, F.C. and Zou, Y. (2010) Estimation of State of Charge of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Using an Adaptive Luenberger Observer. Energies, 3, 1586-1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en3091586
[9]
Wu, J., Li, K., Jiang, Y.F., Lv, Q., Shang, L. and Sun, Y.H. (2011) Large-Scale Battery System Development and User-Specific Driving Behavior Analysis for Emerging Electric-Drive Vehicles. Energies, 4, 758-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en4050758
[10]
Soga, M., Shimada, M., Sakamoto, J. and Otomo, A. (2002) Development of Vehicle Dynamics Management System for Hybrid Vehicles. JSAE Review, 23, 459-464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0389-4304(02)00226-6
[11]
Barlow, T.J., Latham, S., McCrae, I.S. and Boulter, P.G. (2009) A Reference Book of Driving Cycles for Use in the Measurement of Road Vehicle Emissions. PPR 354, TRL limited.
