豆科植物系统学研究新进展
New Advances in Legume Systematics

DOI: 10.12677/BR.2014.35023, PP. 179-187

Keywords: 豆科，云实亚科，含羞草亚科，蝶形花亚科，系统学，多亚科分类系统
Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Systematics, Multi-Subfamilial Classification System

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Abstract:

本文综述了近年来豆科植物系统学研究的新进展。豆科Leguminosae作为被子植物第三大科，约有751个现生属和19,500种，全球广泛分布，具有重要的生态和经济价值。豆科植物可能起源于白垩纪晚期，其化石和现生分类群在新生代变得丰富多样。近来的分子系统学研究表明，传统的豆科3亚科(即云实亚科Caesalpinioideae、含羞草亚科Mimosoideae和蝶形花亚科Papilionoideae)分类系统从进化上解读并不合理，而最新提出的豆科多亚科分类系统则获得较好的支持，尽管亚科的具体数目和划分仍然存在很大争议。此外，豆目中最为密切的豆科、远志科Polygalaceae、皂皮树科Quillajaceae和海人树科Surianaceae的准确系统发育关系仍然悬而未决，而且豆科系统发育树图基部节点的支持率也不高，并系的云实亚科及其内部的一些关键分类群(例如紫荆族Cercideae、决明族Cassieae、甘豆族Detarieae和云实族Caesalpinieae)的重新划分亟需详细研究。
New advances in legume systematics are reviewed herein. The Leguminosae, being the third largest angiosperm family with about 751 living genera and ca. 19,500 species, has a global distribution as well as a key ecological and economic importance. The Leguminosae might have made their debut since the Late Cretaceous, boasting an abundant and diverse fossil and extant taxa in the Cenozoic. Recent molecular systematic studies suggested that the traditional classification system of legumes subdivided into three subfamilies (i.e., Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae) has not been evolutionarily reasonable. Instead, the currently proposed systems of classification for legumes with more than three subfamilies are better supported despite the uncertainty for the concrete number and delimitation of subfamilies. In addition, proper phylogenetic relationships among the four families (i.e., Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae, and Surianaceae) in the order Fabales have hitherto been poorly resolved, and the basal nodes of phylogenetic tree topologies in Leguminosae are not well supported. How to reclassify the paraphyletic subfamily Caesalpinioideae and its own pivotal taxa (e.g., Cercideae, Cassieae, Detarieae, and Caesalpinieae) desperately need more detailed researches.

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