Objectives. Hypertension, if uncontrolled, can lead to hypertensive crisis. We aim to determine the prevalence of hypertensive crisis, its management, and outcome in patients presenting to a tertiary care center in Karachi. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult inpatients (>18？yrs) presenting to the ER who were known hypertensive and had uncontrolled hypertension were included. Results. Out of 1336 patients, 28.6% (387) had uncontrolled hypertension. The prevalence of hypertensive crisis among uncontrolled hypertensive was 56.3% (218). Per oral calcium channel blocker; 35.4% (137) and intravenous nitrate; 22.7% (88) were the most commonly administered medication in the ER. The mean (SD) drop in SBP in patients with hypertensive crisis on intravenous treatment was 53.1 (29) mm？Hg and on per oral treatment was 43 (27) mm？Hg. The maximum mean (SD) drop in blood pressure was seen by intravenous sodium nitroprusside; 80 (51) mm？Hg in SBP. Acute renal failure was the most common complication with a prevalence of 11.5% (24). Conclusion. The prevalence of hypertensive crisis is high. Per oral calcium channel blocker and intravenous nitrate are the most commonly administered medications in our setup. 1. Background Hypertension is a common chronic medical condition affecting people in Pakistan and the rest of the world [1]. It is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly for stroke (accounting for 51% of all stroke deaths worldwide), ischemic heart disease (45% of all deaths), chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, aortic aneurysm, and peripheral arterial disease [2]. Prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure >140？mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >90？mm Hg, or on antihypertensive medications) in Pakistan has increased from 17% in 1980 to 35% in 2008 in adults aged 18 years and older [3]. The increasing prevalence of hypertension together with a deficient control makes this one of the frequent conditions that require urgent medical attention [4]. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension varies around the world, with the lowest prevalence in rural India (3.4% in men and 6.8% in women) and the highest prevalence in Poland (68.9% in men and 72.5% in women) [5]. Recent population based data for control rates of hypertension from Pakistan are not available. However, the control of hypertension was 23% from a community based data in urban population from Karachi, Pakistan [6]. Uncontrolled hypertension can progress to
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