The combination
effects of light and air temperature, which were expressed as photothermal
ratio (PTR), on the growth and sex expression of three monoecious cucumbers (Cucumis
sativus L. cv. “Xintaimici”, “Jinyan 3” and “Jinyan 4”) were studied with
hydroponics in this research. The results showed that with the increase of PTR,
different growth responses were observed in the three cucumber cultivars. In
contrast, high PTR (H-PTR, 0.86 mol·m-2·degree-day-1)
significantly increased the total number of female nodes and decreased the
total number of male nodes of the three monoecious cucumber cultivars compared
with cucumbers grown under low PTR (L-PTR, 0.64 mol·m-2·degree-day-1).
More photoassimilate was partitioned to fruits of three cucumber cultivars with
the increase of PTR, indicating that PTR-mediated femaleness of
References
[1]
Terefe, D. and Tatlioglu, T. (2005) Isolation of a Partial Sequence of a Putative Nucleotide Sugar Epimerase, Which May Involve in Stamen Development in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 111, 1300 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0058-4
[2]
Chen, H., Tian, Y., Lu, X. and Liu, X. (2011) The Inheritance of Two Novel Subgynoecious Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 127, 464-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.11.004
[3]
Yang, X., Wang, X., Wang, L. and Wei, M. (2012) Control of Light Environment: A Key Technique for High-Yield and High-Quality Vegetable Production in Protected Farmland. Agricultural Sciences, 3, 923-928. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.37112
[4]
Kielkowska, A. (2013) Sex Expression in Monoecious Cucumbers Micropropagated in Vitro. Biologia Plantarum, 57, 725-731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-013-0342-0
[5]
Zhang, J., Boualem, A., Bendahmane, A. and Ming, R. (2014) Genomics of Sex Determination. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 18, 110-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.02.012
[6]
Liu, S., Xu, L., Jia, Z., Xu, Y., Yang, Q., Fei, Z., Lu, X., Chen, H. and Huang, S. (2008) Genetic Association of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-Like Sequence with the Sex Determining M Locus in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 117, 927-933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0832-1
[7]
Li, Z., Huang, S., Liu, S., Pan, J., Zhang, Z., Tao, Q., Shi, Q., Jia, Z., Zhang, W., Chen, H., Si, L., Zhu, L. and Cai, R. (2009) Molecular Isolation of the M Gene Suggests That a Conserved-Residue Conversion Induces the Formation of Bisexual Flowers in Cucumber Plants. Genetics, 182, 1381-1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.109.104737
[8]
Li, Z., Wang, S., Tao, Q., Pan, J., Si, L., Gong, Z. and Cai, R. (2012) A Putative Positive Feedback Regulation Mechanism in CsACS2 Expression Suggests a Modified Model for Sex Determination in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 4475-4484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers123
[9]
Tanurdzic, M. and Banks, J.A. (2004) Sex-Determining Mechanisms in Land Plants. The Plant Cell, 16, S61-S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.016667
[10]
Ito, H. and Saito, T. (1958) Factors Responsible for Sex Expression of Japanese Cucumber. IX. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Watering under the Controlled Day Length and Night Temperature in the Nursery Bed. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 27, 11-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.27.11
[11]
Ito, H. and Saito, T. (1960) Factors Responsible for Sex Expression of Japanese Cucumber. XII. Physiological Factors Associated with the Sex Expression of Flowers. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 11, 287-308.
[12]
Atsmon, D. and Galun, E. (1962) Physiology of Sex in Cucumis sativus (L.) Leaf Age Patterns and Sexual Differentiation of Floral Buds. Annals of Botany, 26, 137-146.
[13]
Galun, E. (1962) Study of the Inheritance of Sex Expression in the Cucumber. The Interaction of Major Genes with Modifying Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors. Genetica, 32, 134-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01816091
[14]
Takahashi, H. and Suge, H. (1980) Sex Expression in Cucumber Plants as Affected by Mechanical Stress. Plant and Cell Physiology, 21, 303-310.
[15]
Bachman, G.R. and McMahon, M.J. (1997) Light Quality Effects on Flower Sex Expression in Cucumber and Spinach. HortScience, 32, 464.
[16]
Rudich, J., Baker, L.R., Scott, J.W. and Sell, H.M. (1976) Phenotypic Stability and Ethylene Evolution in Androecious Cucumber. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 101, 48-51.
[17]
Cantliffe, D.J. (1981) Alteration of Sex Expression in Cucumber Due to Changes in Temperature, Light Intensity and Photoperiod. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 106, 133-136.
[18]
Ito, H. and Saito, T. (1957) Factors Responsible for Sex Expression of Japanese Cucumber. VI. Effects of the Day length and Night Temperature, Unsuitable for the Pistillate Flower Formation, Artificially Controlled during the Various Stages of Seedling Development in the Nursery Bed. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 26, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.26.1
[19]
Fukushima, E., Matsuo, E. and Fujieda, K. (1968) Studies on the Growth Behaviour of Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. I. The Types of Sex Expression and Its Sensitivity to Various Daylength and Temperature Conditions. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 14, 349-366.
[20]
Miao, M., Yang, X., Han, X. and Wang, K. (2011) Sugar Signaling Is Involved in the Sex Expression Response of Monoecious Cucumber to Low Temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 797-804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq315
[21]
Matsubara, S. (1977) In Vitro Modification of Sex Expression of Cucumber by Plant Growth Regulators. Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama, 15-23.
[22]
Chailakhyan, M.Kh. (1979) Genetic and Hormonal Regulation of Growth, Flowering and Sex Expression in Plants. American Journal of Botany, 66, 717-736. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2442417
[23]
Malepszy, S. and Niemirowicz-Szczytt, K. (1991) Sex Determination in Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) as a Model System for Molecular Biology. Plant Science, 80, 39-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(91)90271-9
[24]
Liu, B. and Heins, R.D. (2002) Photothermal Ratio Affects Plant Quality in “Freedom” Poinsettia. Journal of America Society for Horticultural Science, 127, 20-26.
[25]
Guo, S.R. (2004) Soilless Culture. China Agricultural Press, Beijing, 114.
[26]
Wang, L., Yang, X., Ren, Z. and Wang, X. (2014) Regulation of Photoassimilate Distribution between Source and Sink Organs of Crops through Light Environment Control in Greenhouses. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 250-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.54028
[27]
Hikosaka, S. and Sugiyama, N. (2005) Effect of Fruit-Load on Growth Patterns of Fruits at the Middle Nodes of Gynoecious-Type Cucumbers. The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 80, 130-134.
[28]
Boonkorkaew, P., Tazuke, A., Hikosaka, S., Mine, Y. and Sugiyama, N. (2011) Effects of Fruit Load on Fruit Growth, Mesocarp Starch Grain Appearance and Sucrose-Catalysing Enzyme Activity in a Gynoecious Cucumber Fruit. Environment Control in Biology, 49, 119-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb.49.119
