Abundance and Diversity of the Phototrophic Microbial Mat Communities of Sulphur Mountain Banff Springs and Their Significance to the Endangered Snail, Physella johnsoni
Seasonal population
fluctuations and diversity of anoxygenic phototrophs and cyanobacteria at the
Sulphur Mountain thermal springs, Banff, Canada were investigated and compared
to drastic population changes of the endangered snail Physella johnsoni.
The microbial community revealed new species of anoxygenic phototrophic
bacteria with novel spectral and morphological characteristics. Major
mat-forming organisms included densely growing Thiothrix-like species,
oxygenic phototrophs of the genera Spirulina, Oscillatoria, and Phormidium and purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodomicrobium. Aerobic anoxygenic
phototrophs comprised a significant portion, upwards of 9.6 × 104 CFU/cm2 of mat or 18.9% of total aerobic heterotrophic isolates,
while PNSB and purple sulfur bacteria were quantified at maximum abundance of
3.2 × 105 and 2.0 × 106 CFU/cm
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