Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PCVD)
at pressure as low as 3 mtorr using titanium-tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and oxygen mixed gas plasma
generated by 13.56 MHz radio frequency power (RF-power) below 70 W were applied to deposit titanium-oxide layer at
temperature under 40°C. Plasma optical emission spectroscopy and FTIR indicated
that density of OH group in the amorphous layer was related to the density of
OH or H2O in the plasma and the species was formed on electrode to
induce the RF-power. Hydrophilicity on the layer was dependent on the density
of chemisorbed OH, but was
degraded by the excess OH. The PCVD-TiOx coating was demonstrated
on polyethylene terephthalate and showed good hydrophilic property with the
contact angle of water about 5°.
References
[1]
R. Wang, K. Hashimoto and A. Fujishima, “Light-Induced Amphiphilic Surfaces,” Nature, Vol. 388, No. 6641, 1997, pp. 431-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/41233
[2]
A. Mills, A. Lepre, N. Elliott, A. Bhopal, I. P. Parkin and S. A. Neill, “Characterisation of the Photocatalyst Pilkington ActivTM: A Reference Film Photocatalyst?” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 160, No. 3, 2003, pp. 213-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00205-3
[3]
S. A. Campbell, H. S. Kim, D. C. Gilmer, B. He, T. Ma and W. L. Gladfelter, “Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)-Based Gate Insulators,” IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1999, pp. 383-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.433.0383
[4]
C. Martinet, V. Paillard, A. Gagnaire and J. Joseph, “Deposition of SiO2 and TiO2 Thin Films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Antireflection Coating,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 216, 1997, pp. 77-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(97)00175-0
[5]
H. Gerischer and H. Heller, “The Role of Oxygen in Photooxidation of Organic Molecules on Semiconductor Particles,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 13, 1991, pp. 5261-5267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100166a063
[6]
R. Wang, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima, M. Chikuni, E. Kojima, A. Kitamura, M. Shimohigoshi and T. Watanabe, “Photogeneration of Highly Amphiphilic TiO2 Surfaces,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1998, pp. 135-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199801)10:2<135::AID-ADMA135>3.0.CO;2-M
[7]
N. Kotov, F. Meldrum and J. H. Fendler, “Monoparticulate Layers of Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystallites with Controllable Interparticle Distances,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 98, No. 36, 1994, pp. 8827-8830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100087a002
[8]
M. Okuya, N. A. Prokudina, K. Mushika and S. Kaneko, “TiO2 Thin Films Synthesized by the Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD) Technique,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 19, No. 6, 1999, pp. 903-906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(98)00341-0
[9]
M. H. Suhail, G. Mohan Rao and S. Mohan, “dc Reactive Magnetron Sputtering of Titanium-Structural and Optical Characterization of TiO2 Films,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 71, No. 3, 1992, pp. 1421-1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351264
[10]
P. Lobl, M. Huppertz and D. Mergel, “Nucleation and Growth in TiO2 Films Prepared by Sputtering and Evaporation,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 251, No. 1, 1994, pp. 72-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(94)90843-5
[11]
V. Gauthier, S. Bourgeois, P. Sibillot, M. Maglione and M. Sacilotti, “Growth and Characterization of AP-MOCVD Iron Doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Films,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 340, No. 1, 1999, pp. 175-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(98)01469-2
[12]
S. Mathur and P. Kuhn, “CVD of Titanium Oxide Coatings: Comparative Evaluation of Thermal and Plasma Assisted Processes,” Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 201, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 807-814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.12.039
[13]
S. Yamauchi and Y. Imai, “Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of TiO2 Thin Films for Highly Hydrophilic Performance,” Crystal Structure Theory and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013, pp. 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/csta.2013.21001
[14]
M. Nakamura, S. Kato, T. Aoki, L. Sirghi and Y. Hatanaka, “Role of Terminal OH Groups on the Electrical and Hydrophilic Properties of Hydro-Oxygenated Amorphous TiOx:OH Thin Films,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 90, No. 7, 2001, pp. 3391-3395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1398599
[15]
L. Sirghi, T. Aoki and Y. Hatanaka, “Hydrophilicity of TiO2 Thin Films Obtained by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Deposition,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 422, No. 1, 2002, pp. 55-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00949-5
[16]
M. Gotic, M. Ivanda, A. Sekulic, S. Music, S. Popovi, A. Turkovic and K. Furic, “Microstructure of Nanosized TiO, Obtained by Sol-Gel Synthesis,” Materials Letters, Vol. 28, No. 1-3, 1996, pp. 225-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577X(96)00061-4
[17]
K. H. Ahn, Y. B. Park and D. W. Park, “Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films by in Situ FT-IR Using TTIP,” Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 171, No. 1, 2003, pp. 198-204.
[18]
T. Tsuchiya, A. Watanabe, Y. Imai, H. Niino, I. Yamaguchi, T. Manabe, T. Kumagai and S. Mizuta, “Direct Conversion of Titanium Alkoxide into Crystallized TiO2 (Rutile) Using Coating Photolysis Process with ArF Excimer Laser,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 38, No. 7B, 1999, pp. L823-L825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.38.L823
[19]
J. Arana, C. Garriga i Cabo, J. M. Dona-Rodríguez, O. González-Díaz, J. A. Herrera-Melián and J. Pérez-Pena, “FTIR Study of Formic Acid Interaction with TiO2 and TiO2 Doped with Pd and Cu in Photocatalytic Processes,” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 239, No. 1, 2004, pp. 60- 71.
[20]
D. A. Panayotov and J. T. Yates Jr., “Depletion of Conduction Band Electrons in TiO2 by Water Chemisorption-IR Spectroscopic Studies of the Independence of Ti-OH Frequencies on Electron Concentration,” Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 410, No. 1, 2005, pp. 11-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.146
[21]
M. Pettersson, S. Tuominen and M. Rasanen, “Matrix Isolation and Quantum Chemical Studies on the H2O2-SO2 Complex,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 6, No. 19, 2004, pp. 4607-4613.
[22]
W. Yang and C. A. Wolden, “Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of TiO2 Thin Films for Dielectric Applications,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 515, No. 4, 2006, pp. 1708-1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.06.010