Vegetation Productivity/Stability and Other Possible Ecological Invariant Relationships Demonstrated in a Microplot Multispecies Pasture Sward

The relationship between vegetation functional characteristics of production, stability and descriptive characteristic of species diversity or dominance, and other possible compositional invariants were investigated in 2400 micro-plot sward of 20 species at randomly assigned positions and using different matrix sizes of adjacent plots and four harvest to derive a combination of “vegetations” of differing species configurations.Within the highest frequency section of the data there was little relationship between productivity and stability (deviance) and either species diversity or dominance (% contribution of 1st ranked species). However, considering all data, productivity increased with increasing dominance and was unrelated to species diversity, while stability increased with diversity. Of single parameters combining diversity and dominance, the gradient of the log abundance/rank relationship was superior to Shannon H, with both showing productivity increasing with dominance rather than diversity. The fate of individual micro-plots from a mixed species stand through successive harvests was consistent with the ？3/2 thinning rule, though with species cumulative yields. The abundance/rank relationship was compared with many models. Where there was simultaneous fitting to both density and biomass relationships, self-thinning random particle packing models were best and offered an explanation of the process. The positive correlation between regional and local frequency was related to sample area in a random placement model. Observed species composition and mortality was simulated by consideration of plant size related growth and mortality, initial establishment, growth potential and variation in plant size. 1. Introduction Vegetation composition is usually discussed in terms of which plant species are present and the particular environment conditions or physiological processes which give competitive or adaptive advantages to some species. However an alternative approach is to consider whether there are properties or characteristics of ecological communities of interacting individuals of the same or different species, as a whole, which lead to some consistencies in composition and function irrespective of the taxonomic species or conditions involved. A number of lines of evidence suggest this may be so. An overview of many studies in natural, forestry, and agricultural systems is indicating there may be a number of invariants acting in relation to ecosystem function and composition as a whole, which could be regarded as ecological trends, rules, or laws,