Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained increased attention for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of textile and polymer products. Many NIR instruments have been commercialized to identify the natural and synthetic fibers; however, there is a strong need to have NIR database of these high-performance fibers to detect contraband textile materials rapidly and quantitatively. In this study, NIR spectra of PLA, Kevlar, Spandex and Sorona woven fabrics were collected and studied by several calibration models to identify the fibers. The results indicated that these four innovative fibers had been successfully distinguished by their NIR spectra in combination with preprocessing of 1/X transformation, SNV, and 2nd Savitzky-Golay derivative as well as principal-component-analysis (PCA-) based chemometric methods. Our promising results suggest that NIR spectroscopy is an effective technique to anticounterfeit innovative fibers. 1. Introduction Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained increased attention for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of textile and polymer products. The NIR spectroscopy region extends from approximately 800？nm to 2500？nm in the electromagnetic spectrum. Different materials absorb NIR energy at different wavelengths. When radiation is absorbed, NIR spectroscopy measures overtones and combinations of the fundamental molecular vibrational transitions that occur in the mid-infrared region. These absorbance wavelengths (and the corresponding frequencies) form a unique NIR signature depending on the chemical and physical properties of the materials. This method is nondestructive and environmentally friendly. Over the past decades, NIR spectroscopy has become a widely used analytical technique for process control, for quality assessment, and for determining the unknowns of complex mixture [1]. NIR analysis is a simple, rapid, and accurate technique for studying the properties and characteristics of textile materials. Many NIR instruments have been commercialized to identify the natural and synthetic fibers, such as cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, and poly(vinyl alcohol) [2]. Ghosh and Roy [3] used homologs of cotton to develop a calibration equation for monitoring the sugar content in cotton; Gosh and Rodgers [4] and Tincher et al. [5] investigated the heat-set temperature of nylon carpet and its heat history using NIR spectroscopy. By using advanced diagnostic statistics and computer programs, Richard et al. [6] and Jasper and Kovacs [7] demonstrated the qualitative classification of various natural and
References
[1]
E. W. Ciurczak, “Principles of near-infrared spectroscopy,” in Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, vol. 7, 2001.
[2]
J. E. Rodgers, “Influences of carpet and instrumental parameters on the identification of carpet face fiber by NIR,” AATCC Review, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 27–32, 2002.
[3]
S. Ghosh and R. B. Roy, “Quantitative near-infra-red analysis of reducing sugar from the surface of cotton,” Journal of the Textile Institute, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 504–510, 1988.
[4]
S. Ghosh and J. E. Rodgers, “Determining heatset temperature by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy,” Textile Research Journal, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 556–560, 1985.
[5]
W. C. Tincher, P. G. Casey, and A. R. Mayfield, “Characterization of heat set nylon carpet yarn,” Textile Chemist and Colorist, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 25–30, 1986.
[6]
G. W. Richard, E. G. Mark, and L. S. Robert, “Near-infrared spectrum qualification via mahalanobis distance determination,” Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1204–1213, 1987.
[7]
W. J. Jasper and E. T. Kovacs, “Using neural networks and NIR spectrophotometry to identify fibres,” Textile Research Journal, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 444–448, 1994.
[8]
M. Sohn, D. S. Himmelsbach, D. E. Akin, and F. E. Barton II, “Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy for determining linen content in linen/cotton blend products,” Textile Research Journal, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 583–590, 2005.
[9]
C. Ruckebusch, F. Orhan, A. Durand, T. Boubellouta, and J. P. Huvenne, “Quantitative analysis of cotton-polyester textile blends from near-infrared spectra,” Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 539–544, 2006.
[10]
A. Engelhardt and A. G. S. Arbon, “The fiber year 2007/2008: manmade fibers countinue pace of outgrowing all other fibers,” International Fiber Journal, 2008.
[11]
T. Matsuo, “Fibre materials for advanced technical textiles,” Textile Progress, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 87–121, 2008.
[12]
I. Baer, R. Gurny, and P. Margot, “NIR analysis of cellulose and lactose-Application to ecstasy tablet analysis,” Forensic Science International, vol. 167, no. 2-3, pp. 234–241, 2007.
[13]
Q. Chen, J. Zhao, C. H. Fang, and D. Wang, “Feasibility study on identification of green, black and Oolong teas using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy based on support vector machine (SVM),” Spectrochimica Acta A, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 568–574, 2007.
[14]
J. Shlens, A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis, 2005.
[15]
T. Lillhonga and P. Geladi, “Replicate analysis and outlier detection in multivariate NIR calibration, illustrated with biofuel analysis,” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 544, no. 1-2, pp. 177–183, 2005.
[16]
K. Kr？mer and S. Ebel, “Application of NIR reflectance spectroscopy for the identification of pharmaceutical excipients,” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 420, no. 2, pp. 155–161, 2000.
