The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the examination and classification of brain tumors, namely, glioma and meningioma. Our hypothesis was that as signal intensity variations on diffusion weighted (DW) images depend on histology and cellularity of the tumor, analysing the signal intensity characteristics on DW images may allow differentiating between the tumor types. Towards this end the signal intensity variations on DW images of the entire tumor volume data of 20 subjects with glioma and 12 subjects with meningioma were investigated and quantified using signal intensity gradient (SIG) parameter. The relative increase in the SIG values (RSIG) for the subjects with glioma and meningioma was in the range of 10.08–28.36 times and 5.60–9.86 times, respectively, compared to their corresponding SIG values on the contralateral hemisphere. The RSIG values were significantly different between the subjects with glioma and meningioma , with no overlap between RSIG values across the two tumors. The results indicate that the quantitative changes in the RSIG values could be applied in the differential diagnosis of glioma and meningioma, and their adoption in clinical diagnosis and treatment could be helpful and informative. 1. Introduction Neurological disorders pose a great challenge to healthcare in developing countries, as limited resources and manpower are not enough to tackle the increasing burden [1]. Although brain tumor is not a frequent neurological disorder, still it contributes significantly to morbidity and is no longer rare in clinical practice [2, 3]. Brain tumors can present challenging medical problems, and effective medical management would result in decreased morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life. Brain tumors are generally classified as either primary (originating from within the brain cavity) or secondary (originating elsewhere in the body, and then spread to the brain). The most common types of primary brain tumors are gliomas and meningiomas, constituting, respectively, 60% and 20% of all intracranial tumors (tumors within the brain) in adults [4]. Treatment varies from one tumor type to the other and often involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Meningiomas are almost always benign tumors and have good prognosis after surgery, whereas gliomas being malignant tumors comprise multidisciplinary approach and have relatively poorer prognosis. Hence it is very essential to differentiate between the two tumor types especially when
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