Aedes mosquitoes are highly invasive and can survive almost any climatic conditions. They transmit a number of major world's deadly diseases. Therefore, a study was undertaken during December 2010 to evaluate the entomo-epidemiological risk of Aedes mosquito borne diseases (VBD) in Mumbai international seaport areas to minimize potential global health risks and prevent introduction of new VBD in India. Surveys were undertaken in operational and residential areas of Mumbai Port Trust (MPT). All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level, prescribed for seaports by International Health Regulations Act, 2005. The operational areas where large goods are handled from cargo ships were found to be more prone to mosquito breeding comparing to residential areas. High insecticide tolerance of Aedes aegypti population against temephos and fenthion from Mumbai port area is reported for the first time. A careful and regular invigilation of the international seaports to prevent building up of vector density of dengue/chikungunya and yellow fever is recommended. 1. Introduction Aedes is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones. It is considered highly invasive in nature and can carry a variety of pathogens that can be transmitted to humans. The species Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are the primary vectors of concern worldwide. Ae. aegypti mosquito is the main vector that transmits the viruses that cause dengue. It is also known to transmit filarial infections of Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis and avian parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum [1]. Ae. albopictus is primarily a forest species that has become adapted to rural, suburban, and urban human environments. These species commonly transmit dengue virus (DENV) around the globe; an estimated 50–100 million new dengue fever infections occur each year, causing ~500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and >20,000 deaths [2–5]. It can also transmit yellow fever, chikungunya, and ross river viruses. The incidences of vector-borne diseases are increasing alarmingly due to many factors including uncontrolled urban developments that support breeding of vector mosquitoes. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010 stratified the current situation of dengue/DHF in India under category A, which means a major public health problem, leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. In India, National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) reported 28,055 dengue cases in 2010 from 31 out of 35 states in India (highest ever in a
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