Magnesium-based alloys are becoming a major industrial material for structural applications because of their potential weight saving characteristics. All the commercial Mg alloys like AZ, AM, AE, EZ, ZK, and so forth series are multicomponent and hence it is important to understand the phase relations of the alloying elements with Mg. In this work, eleven essential Mg-based binary systems including Mg-Al/Zn/Mn/Ca/Sr/Y/Ni/Ce/Nd/Cu/Sn have been reviewed. Each of these systems has been discussed critically on the aspects of phase diagram and thermodynamic properties. All the available experimental data has been summarized and critically assessed to provide detailed understanding of the systems. The phase diagrams are calculated based on the most up-to-date optimized parameters. The thermodynamic model parameters for all the systems except Mg-Nd have been summarized in tables. The crystallographic information of the intermetallic compounds of different binary systems is provided. Also, the heat of formation of the intermetallic compounds obtained from experimental, first principle calculations and CALPHAD optimizations are provided. In addition, reoptimization of the Mg-Y system has been done in this work since new experimental data showed wider solubility of the intermetallic compounds. 1. Introduction Magnesium is the eighth most abundant metal in the earth outer surface at approximately 2.5% of its composition. It is an alkaline earth element (Group II) that crystallizes in a hexagonal structure (hcp-A3). Magnesium is the lightest metallic material used for structural applications with a density of 1.738？g/cm3 in comparison with the densities of Al (2.70？g/cm3) and Fe (7.86？g/cm3). Magnesium alloys have an excellent combination of properties which includes excellent strength-to-weight ratio, good fatigue and impact strengths, and relatively large thermal and electrical conductivities [1–3] and excellent biocompatibility [4, 5]. This makes magnesium alloys one of the most promising light-weight materials for automotive [6], aerospace, consumer electronic (computer, camera, and cell phone), and biomedical applications due to its biodegradability. It is being used in the automotive industries in steering column parts, shift actuators, valve covers and housings, brackets, and intake manifold blades [7]. In nonautomotive applications, small magnesium die cast components are appearing in small engines, electronic devices, power tools, and medical equipment, such as portable oxygen pumps [7]. Recently, Mg-rich Mg-Ca-Zn biocompatible metallic glass having small
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