全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

FxLMS Method for Suppressing In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor Vertical Force Based on Vehicle Active Suspension System

DOI: 10.1155/2014/486140

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

The vibration of SRM obtains less attention for in-wheel motor applications according to the present research works. In this paper, the vertical component of SRM unbalanced radial force, which is named as SRM vertical force, is taken into account in suspension performance for in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles (IWM-EV). The analysis results suggest that SRM vertical force has a great effect on suspension performance. The direct cause for this phenomenon is that SRM vertical force is directly exerted on the wheel, which will result in great variation in tyre dynamic load and the tyre will easily jump off the ground. Furthermore, the frequency of SRM vertical force is broad which covers the suspension resonance frequencies. So it is easy to arouse suspension resonance and greatly damage suspension performance. Aiming at the new problem, FxLMS (filtered-X least mean square) controller is proposed to improve suspension performance. The FxLMS controller is based on active suspension system which can generate the controllable force to suppress the vibration caused by SRM vertical force. The conclusion shows that it is effective to take advantage of active suspensions to reduce the effect of SRM vertical force on suspension performance. 1. Introduction Electric vehicles have achieved sufficient driving performance due to the great improvements in motors and batteries. Due to the remarkable advantages, for example, highly efficient transfer of power, driving force to be distributed freely, and space saving and packaging, the in-wheel motor technology has become the focus of electric vehicle investigation [1–3]. As the key component of propulsion system, electric motors play an important role in in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles (IWM-EV) dynamics. It is desired that electric motors of electric vehicles have a wide operating speed range, high torque density, a high starting torque for initial acceleration, and high efficiency to extend the battery serve-life [4, 5]. And the switched reluctance motor (SRM) exactly satisfied the above requirements [6–8]. However, these advantages of SRM are overshadowed by its inherent high torque ripple and vibration, which seriously hindered the development of SRM for in-wheel motor applications [9–12]. To reduce or eliminate the insufficiency of SRM, much attention has been focused on SRM structure and control. To improve the performance of SRM, the common solution is to increase SRM power density starting torque and efficiency by optimal control method or multiobjective systematic optimization design [13–16]. These

References

[1]  S. Murata, “Innovation by in-wheel-motor drive unit,” Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 807–830, 2012.
[2]  E. Katsuyama, “Decoupled 3D moment control using in-wheel motors,” Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 18–31, 2013.
[3]  K. Nam, H. Fujimoto, and Y. Hori, “Lateral stability control of in-wheel-motor-driven electric vehicles based on sideslip angle estimation using lateral tire force sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1972–1985, 2012.
[4]  X. D. Xue, K. W. E. Cheng, T. W. Ng, and N. C. Cheung, “Multi-objective optimization design of in-wheel switched reluctance motors in electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2980–2987, 2010.
[5]  J. de Santiago, H. Bernhoff, B. Ekerg?rd et al., “Electrical motor drivelines in commercial all-electric vehicles: a review,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 475–484, 2012.
[6]  K. Urase, K. Kiyota, H. Sugimoto, and A. Chiba, “Design of a switched reluctance generator competitive with the IPM generator in hybrid electrical vehicles,” in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS '12), pp. 1–6, Sapporo, Japan, October 2012.
[7]  K. M. Rahman, B. Fahimi, G. Suresh, A. V. Rajarathnam, and M. Ehsani, “Advantages of switched reluctance motor applications to EV and HEV: design and control issues,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 111–121, 2000.
[8]  Y. Gao and M. D. McCulloch, “A review of high power density switched reluctance machines suitable for automotive applications,” in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM '12), pp. 2610–2614, September 2012.
[9]  H. Torkaman, E. Afjei, and H. Amiri, “Dynamic eccentricity fault diagnosis in switched reluctance motor,” in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM '10), pp. 519–522, Taormina, Italy, June 2010.
[10]  F. Marques dos Santos, J. Anthonis, and F. Naclerio, “Multiphysics NVH modeling: simulation of a switched reluctance motor drivetrain for an electric vehicle,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 469–476.
[11]  M. Divandari and A. Dadpour, “Radial force and torque ripple optimization for acoustic noise reduction of SRM drives via fuzzy logic control,” in Proceedings of the 9th IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON '10), pp. 1–6, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 2010.
[12]  E. Afjei and H. Torkaman, “Airgap eccentricity fault diagnosis in switched reluctance motor,” in Proceedings of the 1st Power Electronics and Drives, Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC '10), pp. 290–294, Tehran, Iran, February 2010.
[13]  M. N. Anwar, I. Husain, and A. V. Radun, “A comprehensive design methodology for switched reluctance machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1684–1692, 2001.
[14]  K. Kiyota and A. Chiba, “Design of switched reluctance motor competitive to 60-kW IPMSM in third-generation hybrid electric vehicle,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2303–2309, 2012.
[15]  B. Fahimi, G. Suresh, and M. Ehsani, “Design considerations of switched reluctance motors: vibration and control issues,” in Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 2259–2266, October 1999.
[16]  C. Sikder, I. Husain, and Y. Sozer, “Switched reluctance generator controls for optimal power generation with current regulation,” in Proceedings of the 4th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE '12), pp. 4322–4329, Raleigh, NC, USA, September 2012.
[17]  H. Inagaki, H. Kato, and H. Kuzuya, “Drive train vibration and acoustic noise reduction control of switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle,” SAE Technical Papers 6183176, SAE.
[18]  F. L. M. dos Santos, J. Anthonis, and H. van der Auweraer, “Multiphysics thermal and NVH modeling: integrated simulation of a switched reluctance motor drivetrain for an electric vehicle,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC '12), pp. 1–7, March 2012.
[19]  J. Li and Y. Cho, “Dynamic reduction of unbalanced magnetic force and vibration in switched reluctance motor by the parallel paths in windings,” Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 407–419, 2010.
[20]  B. M. Ebrahimi, J. Faiz, and M. J. Roshtkhari, “Static-, dynamic-, and mixed-eccentricity fault diagnoses in permanent-magnet synchronous motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 4727–4739, 2009.
[21]  J. Faiz and S. Pakdelian, “Finite element analysis of switched reluctance motor under dynamic eccentricity fault,” in Proceedings of the 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, pp. 1042–1046, September 2006.
[22]  N. K. Sheth and K. R. Rajagopal, “Effects of nonuniform airgap on the torque characteristics of a switched reluctance motor,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 2032–2034, 2004.
[23]  I. Husain and A. Radun, “Unbalanced force calculation in switched-reluctance machines,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 330–338, 2000.
[24]  N. K. Sheth and K. R. Rajagopal, “Variations in overall developed torque of a switched reluctance motor with airgap nonuniformity,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3973–3975, 2005.
[25]  K. R. Rajagopal, B. Singh, and B. P. Singh, “Static torque profiles of a hybrid stepper motor having relative eccentricity between stator and rotor axes,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 8701–8703, 2003.
[26]  S. B. A. Kashem, M. Ektesabi, and R. Nagarajah, “Comparison between different sets of suspension parameters and introduction of new modified skyhook control strategy incorporating varying road condition,” Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1173–1190, 2012.
[27]  R. D. Naik and P. M. Singru, “Resonance, stability and chaotic vibration of a quarter-car vehicle model with time-delay feedback,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 3397–3410, 2011.
[28]  B. L. J. Gysen, J. J. H. Paulides, J. L. G. Janssen, and E. A. Lomonova, “Active electromagnetic suspension system for improved vehicle dynamics,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1156–1163, 2010.
[29]  N. H. Amer, R. Ramli, H. M. Isa, W. N. L. Mahadi, and M. A. Z. Abidin, “A review of energy regeneration capabilities in controllable suspension for passengers' car,” Energy Education Science and Technology A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 143–158, 2012.
[30]  D. A. Torrey, X.-M. Niu, and E. J. Unkauf, “Analytical modelling of variable-reluctance machine magnetisation characteristics,” IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 14–22, 1995.
[31]  H. Le-Huy and P. Brunelle, “A versatile nonlinear switched reluctance motor model in simulink using realistic and analytical magnetization characteristics,” in Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 1556–1561, Raleigh, NC, USA, November 2005.
[32]  D. Cajander and H. Le-Huy, “Design and optimization of a torque controller for a switched reluctance motor drive for electric vehicles by simulation,” Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 71, no. 4–6, pp. 333–344, 2006.
[33]  R. Krishnan, Switched Reluctance Motor Drives-Modeling, Simulation, Analysis, Design, and Applications, CRC press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 2001.
[34]  J. Liang, D.-H. Lee, and J.-W. Ahn, “Direct instantaneous torque control of switched reluctance machines using 4-level converters,” IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 313–323, 2009.
[35]  N. R. Garrigan, W. L. Soong, and C. M. Stephens, “Radial force characteristics of a switched reluctance machine,” in Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 2250–2258, Phoenix, Ariz, USA, October 1999.
[36]  K. T. Chau, D. Zhang, J. Z. Jiang, C. Liu, and Y. Zhang, “Design of a magnetic-geared outer-rotor permanent-magnet brushless motor for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2504–2506, 2007.
[37]  L. Jiongkang, K. W. E. Cheng, and Z. Zhu, “Experimental investigation of in-wheel switched reluctance motor driving system for future electric vehicles,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA '09), pp. 1–6, Hong Kong, May 2009.
[38]  A. Labak and N. C. Kar, “Outer rotor switched reluctance motor design for in-wheel drive of electric bus applications,” in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM '12), pp. 418–423, Marseille, France, September 2012.
[39]  S. Ayari, M. Besbes, M. Lecrivain, and M. Gabsi, “Effects of the airgap eccentricity on the SRM vibrations,” in Proceedings of the International Conference Electric Machines and Drives, pp. 138–140, 1999.
[40]  H. Torkaman and E. Afjei, “Magnetostatic field analysis regarding the effects of dynamic eccentricity in switched reluctance motor,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 8, pp. 163–180, 2009.
[41]  I. Husain, “Minimization of torque ripple in SRM drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 28–39, 2002.
[42]  Y. A. Beromi, Z. Moravej, and S. Darabi, “Torque ripple reduction of switched reluctance motor using PID fuzzy logic controller,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE '12), pp. 456–459, Iasi, Romania, October 2012.
[43]  S. M. Kuo and D. R. Morgan, Active Noise Control Systems, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1996.
[44]  L. Vicente and E. Masgrau, “Novel FxLMS convergence condition with deterministic reference,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 3768–3774, 2006.
[45]  D. Zhou and V. DeBrunner, “Efficient adaptive nonlinear filters for nonlinear active noise control,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 669–681, 2007.
[46]  D. Karnopp, “Active damping in road vehicle suspension systems,” Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 291–316, 1983.
[47]  C. Ting, T. S. Li, and F. Kung, “Design of fuzzy controller for active suspension system,” Mechatronics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 365–383, 1995.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133