All microRNAs (miRNAs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) study were collected from public databases such as miRBase, mir2Disease, and Human miRNA and Disease Database (HMDD). These miRNA datasets were used for target identification; these sets of miRNAs were expressed in brain specific parts of brain such as midbrain, cerebellum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. Gene’s information and sequences were collected from NCBI and KEGG databases. All miRNAs were used for target prediction against 35 ALS associated genes. Three programs were used for target identification, namely, miRanda, TargetScan, and PicTar. The dataset contained information about miRNA targets sites identified by each program. Intersection studies of three programs such as miRanda versus TargetScan, miRanda versus PicTar, and TargetScan versus PicTar were carried out with all datasets. Target sites identified by each program were further explored for distribution of target sites across 35 genes in 5′ UTR, CDS, and 3′ UTR for miRNAs expressed in midbrain, cerebellum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus as predicted. Dataset was also used for calculation of multiplicity and coopretivity; this information was then used for construction of complex gene-microRNA interaction map. 1. Introduction Neurological disorders are major health problems in recent years and it is projected that the number of people affected by these disorders will double every 20 years [1]. The burden associated with these diseases is especially very high in low income and developing countries. The most assuring approaches must be used for rehabilitation and reduction of the burden of neurological disorders. This needs promising healthcare policies which will strengthen neurological care within the existing healthcare system. ALS is the most common neuromuscular disease which affects younger and older people of all races and ethnic background. It is caused due to mutations in SOD1 and other associated genes which lead to ALS-related motor neuron degeneration. There is no specific cure for ALS disease. However, FDA has approved first drug treatment for the disease riluzole (Rilutek), which is believed to reduce damage of motor neurons [2]. It increases survival in ALS patients, but it is not a very effective treatment for ALS patients. Thus there is a major challenge to search novel therapeutics for treatment of ALS; new promising technologies such as RNAi are the boon for healthcare. miRNAs are the small potent regulators which are effective noncoding RNA, which control almost 60% of human gene and several diseases.
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