This paper describes a real life case example on the assessment process of morningness of individuals using genetic algorithm based hybrid fuzzy system. It is observed that physical and mental performance of human beings in different time slots of a day are majorly influenced by morningness orientation of those individuals. To measure the morningness of people various self-reported questionnaires were developed by different researchers in the past. Among them reduced version of Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire is mostly accepted. Almost all of the linguistic terms used in questionnaires are fuzzily defined. So, assessing them in crisp environments with their responses does not seem to be justifiable. Fuzzy approach based research works for assessing morningness of people are very few in the literature. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to tune the parameters of a Mamdani fuzzy inference model to minimize error with their predicted outputs for assessing morningness of people. 1. Introduction With the preference of people to perform activities at early hours of a day or later hours or in night, the circadian rhythm of individuals differs. This difference is known as morning versus evening orientation or more simply morningness. These individual differences have greater impact in circadian phase positions on physiological and psychological variables which are controlling them [1]. It is related to the ease of an adjustment to and tolerance of the night or rotating shifts [2] and influences athletic [3] and academic performance [4] at different times of the day. Several self-reporting questionnaires have been developed to measure diurnal type or distinction between “Larks” and “Owls” [5–8]. The assumption guiding these questionnaires is that people who express preference for activities at the extremes of the 24 hours of the day perform physiologic and cognitive tasks in accord with the preference [9]. Factors modulating circadian preference are increasing interest in researchers [10] and these questionnaire techniques have increasing importance in preselection, placement, and counseling of personnel engaged in rotating shift work or night work. Morningness scales, especially the Horne and Ostberg’s [5] Questionnaire (MEQ) is considered as the most popular and standardized for use in various countries and translated version like Posey and Ford [11] validated it in USA; Macacci and Zani [12] in Italy and Kerkhof [13] carried out a validation study of Dutch questionnaire; Ishihara et al., [14] validated in Japanese version; Benedito-Silva et al.,
References
[1]
G. M. Cavallera and S. Giudici, “Morningness and eveningness personality: a survey in literature from 1995 up till 2006,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3–21, 2008.
[2]
R. Moog, “Optimization of shift work: physiological contributions,” Ergonomics, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1249–1259, 1987.
[3]
R. S. Smith, C. Guilleminault, and B. Efron, “Circadian rhythms and enhanced athletic performance in the national football league,” Sleep, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 362–365, 1997.
[4]
R. J. Callan, “The potential effects of chronobiology on taking Scholastic aptitude test,” Clearing House, vol. 68, pp. 174–176, 1995.
[5]
J. A. Horne and O. Ostberg, “A self assessment questionnaire to determine Morningness Eveningness in human circadian rhythms,” International Journal of Chronobiology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 97–110, 1976.
[6]
L. Torsvall and T. Akerstedt, “A diurnal type scale construction, consistency and validation in shift work,” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 283–290, 1980.
[7]
R. Moog, “Morningness- evening types and shift work a questionnaire study,” in Night and Shift Work: Biological and Social Aspects, A. Reinberg, N. Vieux, and P. C. Andlaner, Eds., pp. 481–488, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1981.
[8]
C. S. Smith, C. Reilly, and K. Midkiff, “Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestion for improved measures of ‘morningness’,” Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 728–738, 1989.
[9]
C. S. Smith, S. Folkard, R. A. Schmieder et al., “Investigation of morning-evening orientation in six countries using the preferences scale,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 949–968, 2002.
[10]
L. Tonetti, S. Sahu, and V. Natale, “Circadian preference in Italy and India: a comparative study in young adults,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 837–842, 2012.
[11]
T. B. Posey and J. A. Ford, “The morningness—eveningness preference of college students as measured by the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire,” International Journal of Chronobilogy, vol. 7, pp. 141–144, 1981.
[12]
L. Macacci and A. Zani, “Morningness-eveningness preferences and sleep-waking diary data of morning and evening types in student and worker samples,” Ergonomics, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1147–1153, 1983.
[13]
G. A. Kerkhof, “A Dutch-language questionnaire for selection of morning and evening type individuals,” Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, vol. 39, pp. 281–294, 1984.
[14]
K. Ishihara, A. Miyashita, M. Inugami, K. Fukuda, K. Yamazaki, and Y. Miyata, “The results of investigation by the Japanese version of Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire,” The Japanese journal of psychology, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 87–91, 1986.
[15]
A. A. Benedito-Silva, I. S. Menna-Barreto, J. Cipolla-Neto, N. Marques, and S. Tenreiro, “A self-evaluation questionnaire for the determination of morningness—eveningness types in Brazil,” Chronobiologia, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 311, 1989.
[16]
A. Adan and H. Almirall, “Adaptation and standardization of a Spanish version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire: Individual differences,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1123–1130, 1990.
[17]
S. Sahu, Ergonomics studies on personnel working in shifts in different health care units for improvement of efficiency, occupational health and safety [Ph.D. thesis], University of Calcutta, 1997.
[18]
A. Adan, S. N. Archer, M. P. Hidalgo, L. Di Milia, V. Natale, and C. Randler, “Circadian typology: a comprehensive review,” Chronobiology International, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1153–1175, 2012.
[19]
D. Milia, A. Adan, V. Natale, and C. Randler, “Reviewing the psychometric properties of contemporary circadian typology measures,” Chronobiology International, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1261–1271, 2013.
[20]
L. A. Zadeh, “Fuzzy sets,” Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 338–353, 1965.
[21]
G. E. Gürcanli and U. Müngen, “An occupational safety risk analysis method at construction sites using fuzzy sets,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 371–387, 2009.
[22]
M. A. Vila and M. Delgado, “On medical diagnosis using possibility measures,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 10, no. 1–3, pp. 211–222, 1983.
[23]
H. Cao and G. Chen, “Some applications of fuzzy sets to meteorological forecasting,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 9, no. 1–3, pp. 1–12, 1983.
[24]
A. Biswas and B. B. Pal, “Application of fuzzy goal programming technique to land use planning in agricultural system,” Omega, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 391–398, 2005.
[25]
A. Biswas, D. Majumder, and S. Sahu, “Assessing morningness of a group of people by using fuzzy expert system and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference model,” Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 140, pp. 47–56, 2011.
[26]
S. L. Chiu, “Extracting fuzzy rules from data for function approximation and pattern classification,” in Fuzzy Information Engineering: A Guided Tour of Applications, D. Dubois, H. Prade, and R. Yager, Eds., chapter 9, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1997.
[27]
J. H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, The University of Michigan Press, 1975.
[28]
P. Pulkkinen, J. Hyt？nen, and H. Koivisto, “Developing a bioaerosol detector using hybrid genetic fuzzy systems,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1330–1346, 2008.
[29]
P. Tahmasebi and A. Hezarkhani, “A hybrid neural networks-fuzzy logic-genetic algorithm for grade estimation,” Computers and Geosciences, vol. 42, pp. 18–27, 2012.
[30]
E. H. Mamdani, “Advances in the linguistic synthesis of fuzzy controllers,” in Fuzzy Reasoning and Applications, E. H. Mamdani and B. R. Gaines, Eds., Academic Press, London, UK, 1981.
