| [1] | Gunnarsson G, Elmberg J, Sj？berg K, P？ys？ H, Nummi P (2006) Experimental evidence for density-dependent survival in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings. Oecologia 149: 203–213. doi: 10.1007/s00442-006-0446-8
|
| [2] | Nichols JD, Runge MC, Johnson FA, Williams BK (2007) Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations: a brief history and future prospects. Journal of Ornithology 148: 343–349. doi: 10.1007/s10336-007-0256-8
|
| [3] | Jourdain E, Gunnarsson G, Wahlgren J, Latorre-Margalef N, Br？jer C, et al. (2010) Influenza Virus in a Natural Host, the Mallard: Experimental Infection Data. Plos One 5: 1–11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008935
|
| [4] | Latorre-Margalef N, Gunnarsson G, Munster VJ, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, et al. (2009) Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 276: 1029–1036. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1501
|
| [5] | Wallensten A, Munster VJ, Latorre-Margalef N, Brytting M, Elmberg J, et al. (2007) Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 404–411. doi: 10.3201/eid1303.061130
|
| [6] | Arzel C, Elmberg J, Guillemain M (2006) Ecology of spring-migrating Anatidae: a review. Journal of Ornithology 147: 167–184. doi: 10.1007/s10336-006-0054-8
|
| [7] | Gunnarsson G, Waldenstr？m J, Fransson T (2012) Direct and indirect effects of winter harshness on the survival of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in northwest Europe. Ibis: 1–11.
|
| [8] | Lindstr？m A (1995) Stopover Ecology of Migrating Birds - Some Unsolved Questions. Israel Journal of Zoology 41: 407–416.
|
| [9] | Arzel C, Elmberg J, Guillemain M, Lepley M, Bosca F, et al. (2009) A flyway perspective on food resource abundance in a long-distance migrant, the Eurasian teal (Anas crecca). Journal of Ornithology 150: 61–73. doi: 10.1007/s10336-008-0318-6
|
| [10] | Arzel C, Elmberg J, Guillemain M (2007) A flyway perspective of foraging activity in Eurasian Green-winged Teal, Anas crecca crecca. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 85: 81–91. doi: 10.1139/z06-201
|
| [11] | Callicutt JT, Hagy HM, Schummer ML (2011) The Food Preference Paradigm: A Review of Autumn–Winter Food Use by North American Dabbling Ducks (1900–2009). Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 2: 29–40. doi: 10.3996/102010-jfwm-038
|
| [12] | King JR (1974) Seasonal allocation of time and energy resources in birds. Pages 4–70 in Paynter RA (Ed) Avian Energetics. Nuttall Ornithological Club, no. 15, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
|
| [13] | Alerstam T, Lindstr？m A (1990) Optimal bird migration: the relative importance of time, energy and safety. Pages 331–351 in Gwinner, E (Ed) Bird Migration: The Physiology and ecophysiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
|
| [14] | Weber TP, Houston AI (1997) Flight costs, flight range and the stopover ecology of migrating birds. Journal of Animal Ecology 66: 297–306. doi: 10.2307/5976
|
| [15] | Alerstam T, Hedenstr？m A (1998) The development of bird migration theory. Journal of Avian Biology 29: 343–369. doi: 10.2307/3677155
|
| [16] | Van Eerden MR (1984) Waterfowl movements in relation to food stocks. Pages 84–100 in Evans PR, Goss-Custard JD, Hale WG (Eds) Coastal waders and wildfowl in winter. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
|
| [17] | Martin AC, Uhler FM (1939) Food of game ducks in the United States and Canada. US Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin no 634.
|
| [18] | Forsyth B (1965) December food habits of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos Linn.) in the grand prairie of Arkansas. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings 19: 74–78.
|
| [19] | Cramp S, Simmons KEL (1977) Birds of the Western Palearctic, vol 1 . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
|
| [20] | Glutz von Blotzheim UN (1990) Handbuch der V？gel Mitteleuropas. Band 2 Anseriformes, 2nd edition. Aula, Wiesbaden, Germany.
|
| [21] | Krapu GL, Reinecke KJ (1992) Foraging ecology and nutrition. Pages 1–29 in Batt DJ, Afton AD, Anderson MG, Ankney CD, Johnson DH, Kadlec JA, Krapu GL, (Eds) Ecology and Management of Breeding Waterfowl. University Press of Minnesota, USA.
|
| [22] | Tidwell PR, Webb EB, Vrtiska MP, Bishop AA (2013) Diets and Food Selection of Female Mallards and Blue-Winged Teal During Spring Migration. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4: 63–74. doi: 10.3996/072012-jfwm-062
|
| [23] | Foster MA, Gray MJ, Kaminski RM (2010) Agricultural Seed Biomass for Migrating and Wintering Waterfowl in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Wildlife Management 74: 489–495. doi: 10.2193/2008-588
|
| [24] | Brochet AL, Mouronval JB, Aubry P, Gauthier-Clerc M, Green AJ, et al. (2012) Diet and Feeding Habitats of Camargue Dabbling Ducks: What Has Changed Since the 1960s? Waterbirds 35: 555–576. doi: 10.1675/063.035.0406
|
| [25] | McNeil R, Drapeau P, Gosscustard JD (1992) The Occurrence and Adaptive Significance of Nocturnal Habits in Waterfowl. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 67: 381–419. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1992.tb01188.x
|
| [26] | Tamisier A, Dehorter O (1999) Camargue. Canards et foulques. Centre Ornithologique du Gard, Nime, France.
|
| [27] | Guillemain M, Fritz H, Duncan P (2002) The importance of protected areas as nocturnal feeding grounds for dabbling ducks wintering in western France. Biological Conservation 103: 183–198. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00120-3
|
| [28] | Kozulin A (1995) Ecology of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos wintering in low temperatures conditions in Belarus. Acta Ornithologica 30: 125–134.
|
| [29] | Schoener TW (1983) Simple-Models of Optimal Feeding-Territory Size - a Reconciliation. American Naturalist 121: 608–629. doi: 10.1086/284090
|
| [30] | Legagneux P, Blaize C, Latraube F, Gautier J, Bretagnolle V (2009) Variation in home-range size and movements of wintering dabbling ducks. Journal of Ornithology 150: 183–193. doi: 10.1007/s10336-008-0333-7
|
| [31] | Roshier DA, Doerr VAJ, Doerr ED (2008) Animal movement in dynamic landscapes: interaction between behavioural strategies and resource distributions. Oecologia 156: 465–477. doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-0987-0
|
| [32] | Paulus SL (1988) Time-activity budgets of nonbreeding Anatidae: a review. Pages 135–152 in Wennerberg L (Ed) Waterfowl in winter. University Press of Minnesota, USA.
|
| [33] | Guillemain M, Fritz H, Duncan P (2002) Foraging strategies of granivorous dabbling ducks wintering in protected areas of the French Atlantic coast. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1721–1732.
|
| [34] | Sauter A, Korner P, Fiedler W, Jenni L (2012) Individual behavioural variability of an ecological generalist: activity patterns and local movements of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in winter. Journal of Ornithology 153: 713–726. doi: 10.1007/s10336-011-0788-9
|
| [35] | Guillemain M, Sadoul N, Simon GR (2005) European flyway permeability and abmigration in Teal Anas crecca, an analysis based on ringing recoveries. Ibis 147: 688–696. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00446.x
|
| [36] | Helseth A, Lindstr？m A, Stervander M (2005) Southward migration and fuel deposition of Red Knots Calidris canutus. Ardea 93: 213–224.
|
| [37] | Bergstr？m U, Sv？rdson G (1938) Ringm？rkningar och f？geliakttagelser vid ？lands s？dra udde under h？ststr？cket 1937 . [Ringing and observations at the southern point of island ？land during autumn migration 1937; in Swedish.] Fauna & Flora 33: 1–16.
|
| [38] | Edelstam C (1972) The Visible Migration of Birds at Ottenby, Sweden. V？r f？gelv？rld, supplement no 7.
|
| [39] | Roshier DA, Asmus MW (2009) Use of satellite telemetry on small-bodied waterfowl in Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60: 299–305. doi: 10.1071/mf08152
|
| [40] | Mohr CO (1947) Table of equivalent populations of North American small mammals. American Midland Naturalist 37: 223–249. doi: 10.2307/2421652
|
| [41] | Worton BJ (1989) Kernel Methods for Estimating the Utilization Distribution in Home-Range Studies. Ecology 70: 164–168. doi: 10.2307/1938423
|
| [42] | Getz WM, Fortmann-Roe S, Cross PC, Lyons AJ, Ryan SJ, et al. (2007) LoCoH: Nonparameteric Kernel Methods for Constructing Home Ranges and Utilization Distributions. PLOS ONE 2: e207. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000207
|
| [43] | Sakia RM (1992) The Box-Cox transformation technique: a review. The statistician 41: 169–178. doi: 10.2307/2348250
|
| [44] | Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach, 2nd edition. Springer, New York, USA.
|
| [45] | Manly BFJ, McDonald LL, Thomas DL, McDonald TL, Erickson WP (2003) Resource selection by animals. Statistical design and analysis for field studies, 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
|
| [46] | Jones J (2001) Habitat selection studies in avian ecology: A critical review. Auk 118: 557–562. doi: 10.2307/4089822
|
| [47] | P？ys？ H (2001) Dynamics of habitat distribution in breeding mallards: assessing the applicability of current habitat selection models. Oikos 94: 365–373. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.940218.x
|
| [48] | Fretwell SD, Lucas HLJ (1970) On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distributions of birds. Acta Biotheoretica 19: 16–36. doi: 10.1007/bf01601953
|
| [49] | Calenge C (2007) Exploring Habitat Selection by Wildlife with adehabitat. Journal of Statistical Software 22: 2–19.
|
| [50] | Guillemain M, Devineau O, Brochet AL, Fuster J, Fritz H, et al. (2010) What is the spatial unit for a wintering teal Anas crecca? Weekly day roost fidelity inferred from nasal saddles in the Camargue, southern France. Wildlife Biology 16: 215–220. doi: 10.2981/09-042
|
| [51] | Johnson WP, Rohwer FC (2000) Foraging behavior of green-winged teal and mallards on tidal mudflats in Louisiana. Wetlands 20: 184–188. doi: 10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0184:fbogwt]2.0.co;2
|
| [52] | Thomas GJ (1982) Autumn and Winter Feeding Ecology of Waterfowl at the Ouse Washes, England. Journal of Zoology 197: 131–172.
|
| [53] | Jorde DG, Krapu GL, Crawford RD (1983) Feeding Ecology of Mallards Wintering in Nebraska. Journal of Wildlife Management 47: 1044–1053. doi: 10.2307/3808163
|
| [54] | Cox RR, Afton AD (1996) Evening flights of female Northern Pintails from a major roost site. Condor 98: 810–819. doi: 10.2307/1369861
|
| [55] | Jorde DG, Krapu GL, Crawford RD, Hay MA (1984) Effects of Weather on Habitat Selection and Behavior of Mallards Wintering in Nebraska. Condor 86: 258–265. doi: 10.2307/1366993
|
| [56] | Tamisier A (1978) The functional units of wintering ducks: a spatial integration of their comfort and feeding requirements. Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 23: 229–238.
|
| [57] | Kirby RE, Riechmann JH, Cowardin LM (1985) Home Range and Habitat Use of Forest-Dwelling Mallards in Minnesota. Wilson Bulletin 97: 215–219.
|
| [58] | Mack GG, Clark RG (2006) Home-range characteristics, age, body size, and breeding performance of female Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Auk 123: 467–474. doi: 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[467:hcabsa]2.0.co;2
|
| [59] | Gilmer DS, Ball IJ, Cowardin LM, Riechmann JH, Tester JR (1975) Habitat Use and Home Range of Mallards Breeding in Minnesota. Journal of Wildlife Management 39: 781–789. doi: 10.2307/3800242
|
| [60] | Dwyer TJ, Krapu GL, Janke DM (1979) Use of Prairie Pothole Habitat by Breeding Mallards. Journal of Wildlife Management 43: 526–531. doi: 10.2307/3800366
|
| [61] | Paracuellos M, Telleria JL (2004) Factors affecting the distribution of a waterbird community: The role of habitat configuration and bird abundance. Waterbirds 27: 446–453. doi: 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0446:fatdoa]2.0.co;2
|
| [62] | Paracuellos M (2006) How can habitat selection affect the use of a wetland complex by waterbirds? Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 4569–4582. doi: 10.1007/s10531-005-5820-z
|
| [63] | Green AJ, Figuerola J, Sanchez MI (2002) Implications of waterbird ecology for the dispersal of aquatic organisms. Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology 23: 177–189. doi: 10.1016/s1146-609x(02)01149-9
|
| [64] | Green AJ, Elmberg J (2013) Ecosystem services provided by waterbirds. Biological Reviews 89: 105–122. doi: 10.1111/brv.12045
|
| [65] | Brochet AL, Guillemain M, Fritz H, Gauthier-Clerc M, Green AJ (2009) The role of migratory ducks in the long-distance dispersal of native plants and the spread of exotic plants in Europe. Ecography 32: 919–928. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05757.x
|
| [66] | Nilsson L (2013) Field choice of autumn staging and wintering geese in south-western Sweden 1977/78 - 2011/12. Ornis Svecica 23: 46–60.
|
| [67] | Kery M, Madsen J, Lebreton JD (2006) Survival of Svalbard pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus in relation to winter climate, density and land-use. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 1172–1181. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01140.x
|
| [68] | Hereu B (2005) Movement patterns of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in a marine reserve and an unprotected area in the NW Mediterranean. Marine Ecology - an Evolutionary Perspective 26: 54–62. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2005.00038.x
|
| [69] | Hirsch BT, Morrell LJ (2011) Measuring marginal predation in animal groups. Behavioral Ecology 22: 648–656. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arr026
|
| [70] | Ripple WJ, Larsen EJ, Renkin RA, Smith DW (2001) Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range. Biological Conservation 102: 227–234. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00107-0
|
| [71] | P？ys？ H (1987) Feeding-vigilance trade-off in the teal (Anas crecca) - effects of feeding method and predation risk. Behaviour 103: 108–122. doi: 10.1163/156853987x00297
|
| [72] | Curio E (1983) Time-energy budgets and optimization. Experientia 39: 25–34. doi: 10.1007/bf01960617
|
| [73] | Houston AI, McNamara JM, Hutchinson JMC (1993) General results concerning the trade-off between gaining energy and avoiding predation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 341: 375–397. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1993.0123
|
