全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
Sensors  2013 

Dental Optical Coherence Tomography

DOI: 10.3390/s130708928

Keywords: optical coherence tomography, dental imaging, oral diagnosis, tooth imaging

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

This review paper describes the applications of dental optical coherence tomography (OCT) in oral tissue images, caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer. The background of OCT, including basic theory, system setup, light sources, spatial resolution and system limitations, is provided. The comparisons between OCT and other clinical oral diagnostic methods are also discussed.

References

[1]  Huang, D.; Swanson, E.A.; Lin, C.P.; Schuman, J.S.; Stinson, W.G.; Chang, W.; Hee, M.R.; Flotte, T.; Gregory, K.; Puliafito, C.A.; Fujimoto, J.G. Optical coherence tomography. Science 1991, 254, 1178–1181, doi:10.1126/science.1957169. 1957169
[2]  Poneros, J.M.; Brand, S.; Bouma, B.E.; Tearney, G.J.; Compton, C.C.; Nishioka, N.S. Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography. Gastroenterology 2001, 120, 7–12, doi:10.1053/gast.2001.20911. 11208708
[3]  Evans, J.A.; Poneros, J.M.; Bouma, B.E.; Bressner, J.; Halpern, E.F.; Shishkov, M.; Lauwers, G.Y.; Kenudson, M.M.; Nishioka, N.S.; Tearney, G.J. Optical coherence tomography to identify intramucosal carcinoma and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2006, 4, 38–43, doi:10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00746-9. 16431303
[4]  Smith, P.W.; Lee, K.; Guo, S.; Zhang, J.; Osann, K.; Chen, Z.; Messadi, D. In vivo diagnosis of oral dysplasia and malignancy using optical coherence tomography: Preliminary studies in 50 patients. Lasers Surg. Med. 2009, 41, 353–357, doi:10.1002/lsm.20773. 19533765
[5]  Wang, Y.; Bower, B.A.; Izatt, J.A.; Tan, O.; Huang, D. Retinalblood flow measurement by circumpapillary Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2008, 13, doi:10.1117/1.2998480.
[6]  Hangai, M.; Ojima, Y.; Gotoh, N.; Inoue, R.; Yasuno, Y.; Makita, S.; Yamanari, M.; Yatagai, T.; Kita, M.; Yoshimura, N. Three-dimensional imaging of macular holes with high-speed optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2007, 114, 763–773, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.07.055. 17187861
[7]  Yasuno, Y.; Hong, Y.; Makita, S.; Yamanari, M.; Akiba, M.; Miura, M.; Yatagai, T. In vivo high-contrast imaging of deep posterior eye by 1-μm swept source optical coherence tomography and scattering optical coherence angiography. Opt. Express 2007, 15, 6121–6139, doi:10.1364/OE.15.006121. 19546917
[8]  Pagnoni, A.; Knuettel, A.; Welker, P.; Rist, M.; Stoudemayer, T.; Kolbe, L.; Sadiq, I.; Kligman, A.M. Optical coherence tomography in dermatology. Skin Res. Technol. 1999, 5, 83–87, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.1999.tb00120.x.
[9]  Pierce, M.C.; Strasswimmer, J.; Park, B.H.; Cense, B.; de Boer, J.F. Birefringence measurements in human skin using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2004, 9, 287–291, doi:10.1117/1.1645797. 15065893
[10]  Colston, B.W.; Sathyam, U.S., Jr.; DaSilva, L.B.; Everett, M.J.; Stroeve, P.; Otis, L.L. Dental OCT. Opt. Express 1998, 3, 230–238, doi:10.1364/OE.3.000230. 19384365
[11]  Baumgartner, A.; Dichtl, S.; Hitzenberger, C.K.; Sattmann, H.; Robl, B.; Moritz, A.; Fercher, A.F.; Sperr, W. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of dental structures. Caries Res. 2000, 34, 59–69, doi:10.1159/000016571. 10601786
[12]  Wojtkowski, M.; Srinivasan, V.; Fujimoto, J.G.; Ko, T.; Schuman, J.S.; Kowalczyk, A.; Duker, J.S. Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2005, 112, 1734–1746, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.05.023. 16140383
[13]  Fujimoto, J.G. Optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh resolution in vivo imaging. Nat. Biotechnol. 2003, 21, 1361–1367, doi:10.1038/nbt892. 14595364
[14]  Brezinski, M.E.; Tearney, G.J.; Weissman, N.J.; Boppart, S.A.; Bouma, B.E.; Hee, M.R.; Weyman, A.E.; Swanson, E.A.; Southern, J.F.; Fujimoto, J.G. Assessing atherosclerotic plaque morphology: Comparison of optical coherence tomography and high frequency intravascular ultrasound. Heart. 1997, 77, 397–403. 9196405
[15]  Zvyagin, A.V.; FitzGerald, J.B.; Silva, K.K.M.B.D.; Sampson, D.D. Real-time detection technique for Doppler optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 2000, 25, 1645–1647, doi:10.1364/OL.25.001645. 18066302
[16]  Yang, X.D.V.; Mao, Y.X.; Munce, N.; Standish, B.; Kucharczyk, W.; Marcon, N.E.; Wilson, B.C.; Vitkin, I.A. Interstitial Doppler optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 2005, 30, 1791–1793, doi:10.1364/OL.30.001791. 16092347
[17]  De Boer, J.F.; Milner, T.E.; van Gemert, M.J.C.; Nelson, J.S. Two-dimensional birefringence imaging in biological tissue by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 1997, 22, 934–936, doi:10.1364/OL.22.000934. 18185711
[18]  Yasuno, Y.; Makita, S.; Sutoh, Y.; Itoh, M.; Yatagai, T. Birefringence imaging of human skin by polarization-sensitive spectral interferometric optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 2002, 27, 1803–1805, doi:10.1364/OL.27.001803. 18033369
[19]  Pircher, M.; Goetzinger, E.; Leitgeb, R.; Hitzenberger, C. Three dimensional polarization sensitive OCT of human skin in vivo. Opt. Express 2004, 12, 3236–3244, doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.003236. 19483847
[20]  Pan, Y.T.; Xie, H.K.; Fedder, G.K. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror. Opt. Lett. 2010, 26, 1966–1968.
[21]  Herz, P.; Chen, Y.; Aguirre, A.; Fujimoto, J.; Mashimo, H.; Schmitt, J.; Koski, A.; Goodnow, J.; Petersen, C. Ultrahigh resolution optical biopsy with endoscopic optical coherence tomography. Opt. Express 2004, 12, 3532–3542, doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.003532. 19483882
[22]  Lesaffre, M.; Farahi, S.; Gross, M.; Delaye, P.; Boccara, C.; Ramaz, F. Acousto-optical coherence tomography using random phase jumps on ultrasound and light. Opt. Express 2009, 17, 18211–18218, doi:10.1364/OE.17.018211. 19907612
[23]  Lesaffre, M.; Farahi, S.; Boccara, A.C.; Ramaz, F.; Gross, M. Theoretical study of acousto-optical coherence tomography using random phase jumps on ultrasound and light. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2011, 28, 1436–1444, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.28.001436.
[24]  Iftimia, N.; Iyer, A.K.; Hammer, D.X.; Lue, N.; Mujat, M.; Pitman, M.; Ferguson, R.D.; Amiji, M. Fluorescence-guided optical coherence tomography imaging for colon cancer screening: A preliminary mouse study. Biomed. Opt. Express 2012, 3, 178–191, doi:10.1364/BOE.3.000178. 22254178
[25]  Park, J.; Jo, J.A.; Shrestha, S.; Pande, P.; Wan, Q.J.; Applegate, B.E. A dual-modality optical coherence tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy system for simultaneous morphological and biochemical tissue characterization. Biomed. Opt. Express 2010, 1, 186–200, doi:10.1364/BOE.1.000186. 21258457
[26]  Colston, B.W.; Everett, M.J., Jr.; da Silva, L.B.; Otis, L.L.; Stroeve, P.; Nathel, H. Imaging of hard- and soft-tissue structure in the oral cavity by optical coherence tomography. Appl. Opt. 1998, 37, 3582–3585, doi:10.1364/AO.37.003582. 18273327
[27]  Drexler, W.; Fujimoto, J.G. Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications; Springer Berlin Heidelberg: New York, NY, USA, 2008.
[28]  Hsieh, Y.S.; Ho, Y.C.; Lee, S.Y.; Lu, C.E.; Jiang, C.P.; Chuang, C.C.; Wang, C.Y.; Sun, C.W. Subgingival calculus imaging based on swept-source optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2011, 16, doi:10.1117/1.3602851.
[29]  Xiang, X.; Sowa, M.G.; Iacopino, A.M.; Maev, R.G.; Hewko, M.D.; Man, A.; Liu, K.Z. An update on novel non-invasive approaches for periodontal diagnosis. J. Periodontol. 2009, 81, 186–198.
[30]  Leitgeb, R.; Hitzenberger, C.K.; Fercher, A.F. Performance of fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography. Opt. Express 2003, 11, 889–894, doi:10.1364/OE.11.000889. 19461802
[31]  Schmitt, J.M. Optical coherence tomography (OCT): A review. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. IEEE J. 1999, 5, 1205–1215, doi:10.1109/2944.796348.
[32]  Zhao, Y.; Chen, Z.P.; Saxer, C.; Xiang, S.H.; de Boer, J.F.; Nelson, S, D., J. Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity. Opt. Letters. 2000, 25, 114–116, doi:10.1364/OL.25.000114.
[33]  Sakai, S.; Yamanari, M.; Lim, Y.; Nakagawa, N.; Yasuno, Y. In vivo evaluation of human skin anisotropy by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2011, 2, 2623–2631, doi:10.1364/BOE.2.002623. 21991553
[34]  De Boer, J.F.; Srinivas, S.M.; Park, B.H.; Pham, T.H.; Chen, Z.P.; Milner, T.E.; Nelson, J.S. Polarization effects in optical coherence tomography of various biological tissues. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1999, 5, 1200–1204, doi:10.1109/2944.796347.
[35]  Harry, E.A.R.; Clerehugh, V. Subgingival calculus: Where are we now? A comparative review. J. Dent. 2000, 28, 93–102, doi:10.1016/S0300-5712(99)00056-1. 10666966
[36]  Meissner, G.; Oehme, B.; Strackeljan, J.; Kocher, T. Clinical subgingival calculus detection with a smart ultrasonic device: A pilot study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2008, 35, 126–132, doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01177.x. 18199147
[37]  Meissner, G.; Oehme, B.; Strackeljan, J.; Kocher, T. A new system to detect residual subgingival calculus: In vitro detection limits. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2006, 33, 195–199, doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00882.x. 16489945
[38]  Krause, F.; Braun, A.; Jepsen, S.; Frentzen, M. Detection of subgingival calculus with a novel LED-based dental optical probe. J. Periodontol. 2005, 76, 1202–1206, doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1202. 16018765
[39]  Krause, F.; Braun, A.; Frentzen, M. The possibility of detecting subgingival calculus by laser-fluorescence. in vitro. Lasers Surg. Med. 2003, 18, 32–35.
[40]  Thomas, S.S.; Mohanty, S.; Jayanthi, J.L.; Varughese, J.M.; Balan, A.; Subhash, N. Clinical trial for detection of dental caries using laser-induced fluorescence ratio reference standard. J. Biomed. Opt. 2010, 15, doi:10.1117/1.3365945.
[41]  Tsuda, H.; Arends, J. Raman spectroscopy in human dental calculus. J. Dent. Res. 1993, 72, 1609–1613, doi:10.1177/00220345930720121401. 8254131
[42]  Carmona, P.; Bellanato, J.; Escolar, E. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of urinary calculi: A review. Biospectroscopy 1997, 3, 331–346, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6343(1997)3:5<331::AID-BSPY2>3.0.CO;2-5.
[43]  Tsuda, H.; Arends, J. Raman spectroscopy in dental research: A short review of recent studies. J. Dent. Res. 1997, 11, 539–547.
[44]  Kurihara, E.; Koseki, T.; Gohara, K.; Nishihara, T.; Ansai, T.; Takehara, T. Detection of subgingival calculus and dentine caries by laser fluorescence. J. Periodontal Res. 2004, 39, 59–65, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00712.x. 14687229
[45]  Feldchtein, F.; Gelikonov, V.; Iksanov, R.; Gelikonov, G.; Kuranov, R.; Sergeev, A.; Gladkova, N.; Ourutina, M.; Reitze, D.; Warren, J. In vivo OCT imaging of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity. Opt. Express 1998, 3, 239–250, doi:10.1364/OE.3.000239. 19384366
[46]  Wang, X.J.; Milner, T.E.; de Boer, J.F.; Zhang, Y.; Pashley, D.H.; Nelson, J.S. Characterization of dentin and enamel by use of optical coherence tomography. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38, 2092–2096, doi:10.1364/AO.38.002092. 18319769
[47]  Otis, L.L.; Matthew, J.E.; Ujwal, S.S.; Colson, B.W., Jr. Optical coherence tomography: A new imaging technology for dentistry. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2000, 131, 511–514. 10770016
[48]  Warren, J.A.; Gainesville, F.L., Jr.; Gelikonov, G.V.; Gelikonov, V.M.; Feldchtein, F.J.; Beach, N.M.; Moores, M.D.; Reitze, D.H. Imaging and Characterization of Dental Structure Using Optical Coherence Tomography. Proceedings of Lasers Electro-Optics, CLEO, San Francisco, CA, USA, 3–8 May 1998.
[49]  Imai, K.; Shimada, Y.; Sadr, A.; Sumi, Y.; Tagami, J. Noninvasive cross-sectional visualization of enamel cracks by optical coherence tomography. in vitro. J. Endod. 2012, 38, 1269–1274, doi:10.1016/j.joen.2012.05.008.
[50]  Braz, A.K.S.; Aguiar, C.M.; Gomes, A.S.L. Evaluation of crack propagation in dental composites by optical coherence tomography. Dent. Mater. 2009, 25, 74–79, doi:10.1016/j.dental.2008.04.011. 18603290
[51]  Nakajima, Y.; Shimada, Y.; Miyashin, M.; Takagi, Y.; Tagami, J.; Sumi, Y. Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of incomplete crown fractures (cracks) using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Int. Endod. J. 2012, 45, 933–941, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02052.x. 22519809
[52]  Sadr, T.A.B.A.; Shimada, Y.; Tagami, J.; Sumi, Y. Non-invasive quantification of resin-dentin interfacial gaps using optical coherence tomography: Validation against confocal microscopy. Dent. Mater. 2011, 27, 915–925, doi:10.1016/j.dental.2011.05.003. 21665263
[53]  Braz, A.K.S.; Aguiar, C.M.; Gomes, A.S.L. Evaluation of the integrity of dental sealants by optical coherence tomography. Dent. Mater. 2011, 27, e60–e64. 21159372
[54]  Ishibashi, K.; Ozawa, N.; Tagami, J.; Sumi, Y. Swept-source optical coherence tomography as a new tool to evaluate defects of resin-based composite restorations. J. Dent. 2011, 39, 543–548, doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2011.05.005. 21651956
[55]  Hsieh, Y.S.; Lu, C.W.; Ho, Y.C.; Lee, S.Y.; Chuang, C.C.; Huang, W.C.; Sun, C.W. Microleakage Detection Based on Dental Optical Coherence Tomography. Proc. SPIE. 2013, 8566, 8566–8569.
[56]  Braz, A.K.; Kyotoku, B.B.; Gomes, A.S. In vitro tomographic image of human pulp-dentin complex: Optical coherence tomography and histology. J. Endod. 2009, 35, 1218–1221, doi:10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.003. 19720219
[57]  Petersen, P.E. Future Use of Materials for Dental Restoration; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
[58]  Timonen1, P.; Niskanen1, M.; Taipale, L.S.; Jula, A.; Knuuttila1, M.; Yl?stalo, P. Metabolic syndrome, periodontal infection, and dental caries. J. Dent. Res. 2010, 89, 1068–1073, doi:10.1177/0022034510376542. 20647498
[59]  Akar, H.; Akar, G.C.; Carrero, J.J.; Stenvinkel, P.; Lindholm, B. Systemic consequences of poor oral health in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2011, 6, 218–226, doi:10.2215/CJN.05470610. 21115624
[60]  Grant, W.B. A review of the role of solar ultravioletB irradiance and vitamin D in reducing risk of dental caries. Dermatoendocrinology 2011, 3, 193–198.
[61]  de Cássia Negrini, T.; Duque, C.; H?fling, J.F.; Gon?alves, R.B. Fundamental mechanisms of immune response to oral bacteria and the main perspectives of a vaccine against dental caries: A brief review. J. Dent. Sci. 2009, 124, 198–204.
[62]  Holtzman, J.S.; Osann, K.; Pharar, J.; Lee, K.; Ahn, Y.; Tucker, T.; Sabet, S.; Chen, Z.; Gukasyan, R.; Smith, P.W. Ability of optical coherence tomography to detect caries beneath commonly used dental sealants. Lasers Surg. Med. 2010, 42, 752–759, doi:10.1002/lsm.20963. 21246580
[63]  Amaechi, B.T.; Podoleanu, A.; Higham, S.M.; Jackson, D.A. Correlation of quantitative light-induced fluorescence and optical coherence tomography applied for detection and quantification of early dental caries. J. Biomed. Opt. 2003, 8, 642–647, doi:10.1117/1.1606685. 14563202
[64]  Amaechi, B.T.; Higham, S.M.; Podoleanu, A.; Rogers, J.A.; Jackson, D.A. Use of optical coherence tomography for assessment of dental caries: Quantitative procedure. J. Oral Rehabilitation 2001, 28, 1092–1093, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00840.x.
[65]  Shimada, Y.; Sadr, A.; Burrow, M.F.; Tagami, J.; Ozawa, N.; Sumi, Y. Validation of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for the diagnosis of occlusal caries. J. Dent. 2010, 38, 655–665, doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.004. 20470855
[66]  Baumgartner, A.; Hitzenberger, C.K.; Dicht, S.; Sattmann, H.; Moritz, A.; Sperr, W.; Fercher, A.F. Optical Coherence Tomography or Dental Structures. Proc. SPIE. 1998, 3248, 130–136.
[67]  Baumgartner, A.; Dicht, S.; Hitzenberger, C.K.; Sattmann, H.; Robi, B.; Moritz, A.; Sperr, W.; Fercher, A.F. Polarization-Sensitive Optical Optical Coherence Tomography of Dental Structures. Proc. SPIE. 1999, 3593, 169–176.
[68]  Jones, R.S.; Darling, C.L.; Featherstone, J.D.B.; Fried, D. Remineralization of in vitro dental caries assessed with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2006, 11, 014016, doi:10.1117/1.2161192. 16526893
[69]  Everett, M.J.; Colston, B.W.; Sathyam, U.S.; Silva, L.B.D.; Fried, D.; Featherstone, J.D.B. Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Early Caries with Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT). Proc. SPIE 1999, 3593, 177–183.
[70]  Fried, D.; Xie, J.; Shafi, S.; Featherstone, J.D.; Breunig, T.M.; Le, C. Imaging caries lesions and lesion progression with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2002, 7, 618–627, doi:10.1117/1.1509752. 12421130
[71]  Le, M.H.; Darling, C.L.; Fried, D. Automated analysis of lesion depth and integrated reflectivity in PS-OCT scans of tooth demineralization. Lasers Surg. Med. 2010, 42, 62–68, doi:10.1002/lsm.20862. 20077486
[72]  Lee, C; Darling, C.L.; Fried, D. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomographic imaging of artificial demineralization on exposed surfaces of tooth roots. Dent. Mater. 2009, 25, 721–728, doi:10.1016/j.dental.2008.11.014. 19167052
[73]  Wu, J.; Fried, D. High contrast near-infrared polarized reflectance images of demineralization on tooth buccal and occlusal surfaces at λ = 1310-nm. Lasers Surg. Med. 2009, 41, 208–213, doi:10.1002/lsm.20746. 19291753
[74]  Chen, Y.; Otis, L.; Piao, D.; Zhu, Q. Characterization of dentin, enamel, and carious lesions by a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system. Appl. Opt. 2005, 44, 2041–2048, doi:10.1364/AO.44.002041. 15835353
[75]  Louie, T.; Lee, C; Hsu, D.; Hirasuna, K.; Manesh, S.; Staninec, M.; Darling, C.L.; Fried, D. Clinical assessment of early tooth demineralization using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg. Med. 2010, 42, 738–745. 21246578
[76]  Fried, D.; Staninec, M.; Darling, C; Kang, H.; Chan, K. Monitoring Tooth Demineralization Using a Cross Polarization Optical Coherence Tomographic System with An Integrated MEMS Scanner. Proc. SPIE 2012, 8208, doi:10.1117/12.914599.
[77]  Hugoson, A.; Sj?din, B.; Norderyd, O. Trends over 30 years, 1973-2003, in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2008, 35, 405–414, doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01225.x. 18433384
[78]  Brown, L.J.; Loe, H. Prevalence, extent, severity and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000 1993, 2, 57–71, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1993.tb00220.x. 9673181
[79]  Petersen, P.E. The World Oral Health Report; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2003.
[80]  Khader, Y.S.; Ta'ani, Q. Periodontal diseases and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: A meta-analysis. J. Periodontol. 2005, 76, 161–165, doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.2.161. 15974837
[81]  Beck, J.D.; Offenbach, S. Systemic effects of periodontitis: Epidemiology of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J. Periodontol. 2005, 76(11-s), 2089–2100, doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2089. 16277581
[82]  Iacopin, A.M.; Cutler, C.W. Pathophysiological relationships between periodontitis and systemic disease: Recent concepts involving serum lipids. J. Periodontol. 2000, 71, 1375–1384. 10972656
[83]  Colston, B.W.; Everett, M.J.; Silva, L.B.D.; Otis, L.L.; Nathel, H. Optical Coherence Tomography for Diagnosing Periodontal Disease. Proc. SPIE. 1997, 2973, 216–220.
[84]  Smith, P.W.; Holtzman, J.; Epstein, J.; Le, A. Optical diagnostics in the oral cavity: An overview. Oral Dis. 2010, 16, 717–728. 20561224
[85]  Baek, J.H.; Na, J.; Lee, B.H.; Choi, E.; Son, W.S. Optical approach to the periodontal ligament under orthodontic tooth movement: A preliminary study with optical coherence tomography. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 2009, 135, 252–259.
[86]  Cancer Registration Report; Taiwan: Department of Health, 2003.
[87]  Parkin, D.M.; Bray, F.; Ferlay, J.; Pisani, P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2005, 55, 74–108. 15761078
[88]  Jemal, A.; Murray, T.; Ward, E.; Samuels, A.; Tiwari, R.C.; Ghafoor, A.; Feuer, E.J.; Thun, M.J. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2005, 55, 10–30. 15661684
[89]  Smith, P.W.; Jung, W.G.; Brenner, M.; Osann, K.; Beydoun, H.; Messadi, D.; Chen, Z. In vivo optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of oral malignancy. Lasers Surg. Med. 2004, 35, 269–275. 15493024
[90]  Jung, W.; Zhang, J.; Chung, J.; Smith, P.W.; Brenner, M.; Nelson, J.S.; Chen, Z. Advances in oral cancer detection using optical coherence tomography. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. IEEE J. 2005, 11, 811–817.
[91]  Tsai, M.T.; Lee, H.C.; Lu, C.W.; Wang, Y.N.; Lee, C.K.; Yang, C.C.; Chiang, C.P. Delineation of an oral cancer lesion with swept-source optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2008, 13, doi:10.1117/1.2960632.
[92]  Yang, C.C.; Tsai, M.T.; Lee, H.C.; Lee, C.K.; Yu, C.H.; Chen, H.M.; Chiang, C.P.; Chang, C.C.; Wang, Y.M.; Yang, C.C. Effective indicators for diagnosis of oral cancer using optical coherence tomography. Opt. Express 2008, 16, 15847–15862. 18825221
[93]  Tseng, H.Y.; Lee, C.K.; Wu, S.Y.; Chi, T.T.; Yang, K.M.; Wang, J.Y.; Kiang, Y.W.; Yang, C.C.; Tsai, M.T.; Wu, Y.C.; Chou, H.Y.; Chiang, C.P. Au nanorings for enhancing absorption and backscattering monitored with optical coherence tomography. Nanotechnology. 2010, 21, doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/29/295102.
[94]  Kim, C.S.; Smith, P.W.; Ahn, Y.C.; Liaw, L.H.L.; Chen, Z.; Kwon, Y.J. Enhanced detection of early-stage oral cancer in vivo by optical coherence tomography using multimodal delivery of gold nanoparticles. J. Biomed. Opt. 2009, 14, doi:10.1117/1.3130323.
[95]  Tsai, M.T.; Lee, C.K.; Lee, H.C.; Chen, H.M.; Chiang, C.P.; Wang, Y.M.; Yang, C.C. Differentiating oral lesions in different carcinogenesis stages with optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2009, 14, doi:10.1117/1.3200936.
[96]  Lee, C.K.; Tsai, M.T.; Lee, H.C.; Chen, H.M.; Chiang, C.P.; Wang, Y.M.; Yang, C.C. Diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis with optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 2009, 14, doi:10.1117/1.3233653.
[97]  Klein, T.; Wieser, W.; Biedermann, B.R.; Eigenwillig, C.M.; Palte, G.; Huber, R. Raman-pumped Fourier-domain mode-locked laser: Analysis of operation and application for optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 2008, 33, 2815–2817. 19037436
[98]  Biedermann, B.R.; Wieser, W.; Eigenwillig, C.M.; Huber, R. Recent developments in Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers for optical coherence tomography: Imaging at 1310 nm vs. 1550 nm wavelength. J. Biophoton. 2009, 2, 357–363.
[99]  Wang, L.V.; Wu, H.I. Biomedical Optics; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2007.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133