In the present investigation, we examined the cytotoxic effect of methanolic extract from Origanum vulgare on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cell line in vitro. In order to determine the cytotoxic effects we used an MTT viability assay. The results showed that cell growth is significantly lower in extract treated cells compared to untreated control. The effect of inhibition of cell growth was higher in the treatment of HCT-116 cell line than in MDA-MB-231. Based on the results it is determined that O. vulgare is a significant source of biologically active substances that have cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in vitro.
References
[1]
Dikli？, N. Origanum L. In Flora Srbije, 1st; Josifovi？, M., Ed.; SANU: Belgrade, Serbia, 1974; Volume 6, pp. 474–475.
[2]
Kintzios, S. The Genera Origanum and Lippia, 1st ed.; Taylor & Francis: London, UK, 2004.
[3]
Kintzios, S.; Barberaki, M. Plants that Fight Cancer, 1st ed.; Taylor & Francis: London, UK, 2004.
[4]
Dragland, S.; Senoo, H.; Wake, K.; Holte, K.; Blomhoff, R. Several culinary and medicinal herbs are important sources of dietary antioxidans. J. Nutr. 2003, 133, 1286–1290.
[5]
Reddy, L.; Odhav, B.; Bhoola, K.D. Natural product for cancer prevention: A global perspective. Pharmacol. Ther. 2003, 1, 1–13, doi:10.1016/S0163-7258(03)00042-1.
[6]
Mukherjee, A.; Basu, S.; Sarkar, N.; Ghosh, A. Advances in cancer therapy with plant based natural products. Curr. Med. Chem. 2001, 12, 1467–1468.
[7]
Half, E.; Arber, N. Colon cancer: Preventive agents and the present status of chemoprevention. Exp. Opin. Pharmacother. 2009, 10, 211–219, doi:10.1517/14656560802560153.
[8]
Stankovi？, M.; Topuzovi？, M. In vitro antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents of different Origanum vulgare L. extracts. In 10th Symposium on the Flora of Southeastern Serbia and Neighbouring regions Vlasina, Vlasina lake, Ni？, Serbia, 17–20 June 2010; pp. 105–106.
[9]
Kaurinovic, B.; Popovic, M.; Vlaisavljevic, S.; Trivic, S. Antioxidant capacity of Ocimum basilicum L. and Origanum vulgare L. extracts. Molecules 2011, 16, 7401–7414, doi:10.3390/molecules16097401.
[10]
Koukoulitsa, C.; Zika, C.; Hadjipavlou-Litina, D.; Demopoulos, V.; Skaltsa, H. Inhibitory effect of polar oregano extracts on aldose reductase and soybean lypoxygenase in vitro. Phytother. Res. 2006, 20, 605–606, doi:10.1002/ptr.1901.
[11]
Koukoulitsa, C.; Hadjipavlou-Litina, D.; Geromichalos, G.; Skaltsa, H. Inhibitory effect on soybean lipoxygenase and docking studies of some secondary metabolites, isolated from Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 2007, 22, 99–104, doi:10.1080/14756360600991017.
[12]
Koukoulitsa, C.; Karioti, A.; Bergonzi, M.; Pescitelli, G.; di Bari, L.; Skaltsa, H. Polar constituents from the aerial parts of O. vulgare L. ssp. hirtum, growing wild in Greece. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 5388–5392, doi:10.1021/jf061477i.
[13]
Yesil-Celiktas, O.; Sevimli, C.; Bedir, E.; Vardar-Sukan, F. Inhibitory effects of Rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell lines. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2010, 65, 158–163, doi:10.1007/s11130-010-0166-4.
[14]
Ramos, S.; Alia, M.; Bravo, L.; Goya, L. Comparative effects of food-derived polyphenols on the viability and apoptosis of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 1271–1280, doi:10.1021/jf0490798.
[15]
Kanadaswami, C.; Lee, L.T.; Lee, P.P.H.; Hwang, J.J.; Ke, F.C.; Huang, Y.T.; Lee, M.T. The antitumor activities of flavonoids. In Vivo 2005, 19, 895–909.
[16]
？anadanovi？-Brunet, J.; ？etkovi？, G.; ？ilas, S.; Tumbas, V.; Bogdanovi？, G.; Mandi？, A.; Markov, S.; Cvetkovi？, D.; ？anadanovi？, V. Radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of Melissa officinalis L. extracts. J. Med. Food 2008, 11, 133–143, doi:10.1089/jmf.2007.580.
[17]
Brusselmans, K.; Vrolix, R.; Verhoeven, G.; Swinnen, J.V. Induction of cancer cell apoptosis by flavonoids is associated with their ability to inhibit fatty acid synthase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 5636–5645.
[18]
Pham, D.A. Determining the Intracellular Concentrations of Flavonoids in MDA-MB 231 Cells Using HPLC Coupled Mass Spectrometry. M.Sc. Thesis, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA, 2012.
[19]
Wenzel, U.; Kuntz, S.; Brendel, M.D. Dietary flavone is an potent apoptosis inducer in human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2000, 60, 3823–3831.
[20]
Mosmann, T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods 1983, 65, 55–63, doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4.
