A secondary treatment for olive mill wastewater coming from factories working with the two-phase olive oil production process (OMW-2) has been set-up on an industrial scale in an olive oil mill in the premises of Jaén (Spain). The secondary treatment comprises Fenton-like oxidation followed by flocculation-sedimentation and filtration through olive stones. In this work, performance modelization and preliminary cost analysis of a final reverse osmosis (RO) process was examined on pilot scale for ulterior purification of OMW-2 with the goal of closing the loop of the industrial production process. Reduction of concentration polarization on the RO membrane equal to 26.3% was provided upon increment of the turbulence over the membrane to values of Reynolds number equal to 2.6 × 10 4. Medium operating pressure (25 bar) should be chosen to achieve significant steady state permeate flux (21.1 L h ？1 m ？2) and minimize membrane fouling, ensuring less than 14.7% flux drop and up to 90% feed recovery. Under these conditions, irreversible fouling below 0.08 L h ？2 m ？2 bar ？1 helped increase the longevity of the membrane and reduce the costs of the treatment. For 10 m 3 day ？1 OMW-2 on average, 47.4 m 2 required membrane area and 0.87 € m ？3 total costs for the RO process were estimated.
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