Embedded block coding with optimised truncation (EBCOT) is a key algorithm in digital cinema (DC) distribution system. Though several high speed EBCOT architectures exist, all are not capable of meeting the DC specifications. To meet this challenge, the relationship between contents of a code block (CB) and context generation is studied. Our study reveals that it is difficult to predict number of contexts generated in a bit plane. Even the nature of number of contexts produced varies from CB to CB. In such a situation, it is difficult to ensure the frame rate requirement of DC. To avoid this uncertainty, a pass parallel, concurrent sample coding EBCOT architecture is proposed in this paper. It is capable of encoding one bit plane in 288 clock cycles under any circumstances. This design is prototyped on XC4VLX80-12 FPGA with multiple clock domains. After synthesizing, the bit plane coder (BPC) and MQ coder operate at 450？MHz and 123？MHz, respectively. In order to maintain synchronism among different clock domains, the BPC and MQ coder units are operated at 432？MHz and 108？MHz, respectively. This entails that the proposed design is capable of processing 2 0 4 8 × 1 0 8 0 size 57？DC frames in a second. 1. Introduction With the advancement of digital technology, many new imaging applications have emerged in the consumer electronics domain. These applications include digital camera, high resolution scanners and printers, and home theatre. To cater the demands of all these applications, a still image compression standard JPEG 2000 has been developed [1]. Some of the important features provided in this standard are capability of lossy as well as lossless compression, error resilience, region of interest coding, high compression ratio, manipulation of images in compressed domain, acceptable performance even at low bit rates, and secured image transmission. The key algorithms, which enable all these features, are Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Embedded Block Coding with Optimised Truncation (EBCOT) [2]. Both algorithms being computation intensive are not suited for a real-time application using JPEG 2000 without having dedicated hardware platform. In March 2002, digital cinema initiative (DCI) was established [3] to develop new standard, suitable for digital cinema (DC) applications. In 2005, DCI officially selected JPEG 2000 part-1 as compression engine for DC applications [4]. The DC system consists of four parts: mastering, transport, storage and playback, and projection, as illustrated in Figure 1 [5]. The movie is compressed, encrypted, and packaged
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