Purpose. To evaluate efficacy and safety of vitrectorhexis method for both anterior and posterior capsules combined with anterior vitrectomy in children with cataract. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed for 19 children with cataract operated at a tertiary referral center. Dual approach including anterior and posterior segments was used during the surgery in terms of capsulotomy, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and anterior vitrectomy. Results. A total of 23 eyes of 19 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the children was months (5–78). The mean postoperative followup duration was months (3–32). Intraoperative tear was observed only in one of 23 (4.3%) eyes during anterior capsulotomy. All of the patients had a clear visual axis and showed no IOL decentration. Conclusions. Dual approach using vitrectorhexis and anterior vitrectomy is an easy-to-perform technique that seems safe and effective in the short term for younger children. 1. Introduction Cataract is the most frequent reason for blindness in children and associated with approximately 5%–20% of blindness in childhood in the world [1–3]. It has been reported that 200,000 children are blind due to bilateral cataract worldwide [1] despite the many technical improvements that have occurred in the recent years [4]. There are some important differences between pediatric and adult cataract surgeries. The most noticeable one is anterior capsulotomy step of the cataract surgery. This step is quite significant because long-term centralization and stabilization of a capsular bag fixated intraocular lens (IOL) are associated with the factors including anterior capsulotomy size and shape and integrity of the capsule edge. The response of the pediatric anterior capsule to surgical maneuvers differs from adult. Because of the highly flexible nature of the young capsule, performing the maneuvers of anterior capsule in adult cataract surgery to a pediatric capsule may result in complications [5, 6]. The term “vitrectorhexis” describes a technique that needs vitrector hand piece and has been used to perform anterior capsulotomy for years in pediatric cataract surgery and named formerly as “mechanized anterior capsulotomy” [6, 7]. Vitrectorhexis is a useful alternative to the manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) for children below 6 years of age when the anterior capsule is very elastic and not easy to control. In children over 6 years of age, the manual CCC is the best technique because control of anterior capsule and completion of capsulotomy are easier [8]. There
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