Despite the fact that CNB has been progressively replaced by FNAC in the investigation of nonpalpable lesions or microcalcifications without a clinical or radiological mass lesion, FNAC has yet a role in palpable lesions provided it is associated with the triple diagnosis and experienced cytologist. In these conditions, FNAC is a safe, effective, economical, and accurate technique for breast cancer evaluation. Numerous literature reviews and meta-analyses illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of both methods CNB and FNAC. The difference does not seem significant when noninformative and unsatisfactory FNAC was excluded. Recently, cytological methods using liquid-based cytology (LBC) technology improve immunocytological and molecular tests with the same efficiency as classical immunohistochemistry. The indications of FNAC were, for palpable lesions, relative contraindication of CNB (elderly or frailty), staging of multiple nodules in conjunction or not with CNB, staging of lymph node status, newly appearing lesion in patient under neoadjuvant treatment, decreasing of anxiety with a rapid diagnosis, evaluation of biomarkers and new biomarkers, and chronological evaluation of biomarker following the neoadjuvant therapy response. 1. Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy actually takes an important place in treatment of operable breast cancer in the hope of improving conservative surgery rate of female patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy includes today on target therapies involving the research on expression of specific molecules by tumoral cells. In routine practice, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are the common used biomarkers. New pharmaceutical molecules, other than ER/PR or HER2, are now already evaluated in clinical research as new biomarkers and new target for neoadjuvant therapy [1]. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast is wellknown as a safe, effective, economical, and accurate technique for diagnosing palpable breast lesion [2–4]. This last decade, FNAC technique is improved by the development of new cytological methods allowing standardization of fixation and assuring constant results with ancillary tests such as immunocytochemistry and in situ molecular biology. Also, one of the advantages of FNAC is the management of small tissue fragments permitting a repetitive evaluation of the chronological evolution in expression of tumoral biomarkers. 2. What Are the Advantages of FNAC in Comparison with Core-Needle Biopsy (CNB)? Previously, the role of FNAC has
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