Transitional metals and metal compounds have been used in versatile platforms for biomedical applications and therapeutic intervention. Severe side effects of anticancer drugs produce an urgent urge to develop new classes of anticancer agents with great potency as well as selectivity. In this background, recent studies demonstrate that monomeric manganese (MnII) thiocyanate complex (MMTC) holds great promise to exert effective antileukemic effects. MMTC was developed by a simple chemical reaction and characterized by elemental analyses, thermal analyses, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Anti-leukemic efficacy of the developed MMTC was estimated in KG-1A (AML) and K562 (CML) cell lines. Cell viability study, drug uptake assay, cellular redox balance (GSH and GSSG level), nitric oxide (NO) release level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA fragmentation revealed that MMTC was able to produce significant antiproliferative effects on both cell lines at 25？μg？mL？1 without showing any toxicological impact on normal lymphocytes. These findings will enlighten the biomedical application of manganese-based metal complexes as anti-leukemic agents. 1. Introduction Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow, characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called “blasts” [1]. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a fast growing fatal form of leukemia which produces immature white blood cells, begins in bone marrow cells, and spreads into the blood system. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an uncommon type of leukemia, making up about 15% of all the cases of leukemia among adults, results from a somatic mutation in a pluripotential lymphohematopoietic cell, and thereby produces large number of white blood cells [2]. The modern research regarding the development of the metal-based anticancer drugs began with the discovery of the platinum (II) complex cisplatin by Rosenberg in the 1960s [3]. Metal complex or coordination compound is a structure consisting of a central metal atom that remains surrounded by molecules or anions. Transition metal complexes have an esteemed role in antitumor therapy and open a new area of research in the field of medicinal chemistry [4]. Nowadays, metal ion complexes had quickly turned out to be an interesting and attractive compounds in the development of anticancer drugs due to their unique chemical reactivity [5]. This phenomenon has started the development of metal-based drugs with promising pharmacological
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