Background. Individuals attempting weight reduction have varying success when participating in the same intervention. Identifying physiological factors associated with greater weight loss could improve outcomes. Methods. Sixty-one adults (BMI 27–30？kg/m2) participated in a 16-week group-based, cognitive-behavioral control weight loss program. Concentrations of 12 fasting hormones and cytokines related to adiposity, satiety/hunger, and inflammation were measured using the Milliplex human metabolic human panel before and after weight loss. Participants were grouped based on ≥8% (successful group, SG) or <8% weight loss (less successful group, LSG). Results. The SG had 46 subjects (75.4%), while the LSG had 15 (24.6%). There were no differences in baseline sex distribution, age, weight, BMI, and body composition between groups. In the SG, baseline to the 16-week levels decreased significantly for c-peptide (1,030 versus 891？pg/mL, ), insulin (665 versus 541？pg/mL, ), and leptin (0.83 versus 0.58？ng/mL/kg fat, ). None of the baseline analytes predicted greater weight loss. Conclusions. Successful weight loss was associated with changes in adiposity (less fat mass) and unfavorable hunger signals. No baseline biomarker profile was associated with weight loss success. Behavioral factors may have outweighed physiological signals for determining successful weight loss. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00429650. 1. Introduction Overweight and obesity affect billions of people worldwide. There are many proven methods to lose weight, including lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapies, and bariatric surgery. Still, many people who attempt weight loss are not successful and of the ones who are most of them regain the lost weight [1, 2]. One thing that would help in developing more effective weight loss strategies would be a better understanding of the characteristics that predict the ability to lose and maintain weight. Some studies have examined potential hormonal predictors of weight loss. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, have shown promise. Lower leptin at baseline has been shown to predict better acute weight loss [3] and better long-term weight loss maintenance [4] in dietary interventions. Higher baseline adiponectin has been associated with more weight loss [5]. Signals related to hunger and satiation have also been explored. Ghrelin has been implicated in weight loss maintenance, but only for men [6]. There has been much speculation about how these hormones may affect weight loss and weight regain, such as changes in fat
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