Background. The clinical management of sepsis is a highly complicated process. Disruption of the immune system explains in part the major variation in sepsis outcome. IL-8 is a proinflammatory cytokine, genetic polymorphism of this cytokine could explain the outcome of sepsis. The present study was conducted to determine the value of serum IL-8 monitoring and its (-251A/T) genetic polymorphism in critically ill patients. Patients and Methods. 180 critically ill patients were allocated into two groups, 90 septic patients (sepsis group) and 90 nonseptic patients (SIRS group). Admission serum IL-8 and its (-251A/T) mutant allele were detected. Results. The admission mean value of serum IL-8 was significantly elevated in sepsis group. In both groups, the mean value of serum IL-8 in nonsurvived patients and patients with IL-8 (-251A/T) mutant allele was significantly higher. A positive correlation of survival and IL-8 (-251A/T) mutant allele was detected in both groups. The serum IL-8 distinguished wild from IL-8 (-251A/T) mutant allele at a cut-off value of 600？pg/mL. Conclusion. The admission mean value of serum IL-8 was significantly elevated in septic, nonsurvived, and patients with IL-8 (-251A/T) mutant alleles. A positive correlation of survival and IL-8 (-251A/T) mutant allele patients was detected. 1. Introduction Sepsis constitutes a complex syndrome in critically ill patients, which usually correlates with bad prognosis; the outcome of sepsis is mostly determined by major interaction between the host, the invading microorganism, and the surrounding environment. Wide variability exists in the susceptibility to and outcome from sepsis even within similar intensive care unit populations. Some of this variability in the host may be due to genetic variation in genes coding for components of the innate immune response. Genetic association studies suggest a major genetic influence on outcome of sepsis. Dysregulation of innate immunity, especially those genes involved in inflammatory pathway, is expected to be the determinant for manifestation of sepsis [1, 2]. Evaluation of the association between the genetic polymorphism in septic patients provides a new tool to predict prognosis [3]. Interlukine-8 (IL-8) is a proinflammatory cytokine, has a potential role in regulating the innate immune response to bacterial infection, and has become crucial in the management, early prediction, monitoring and success of antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients [4]. IL-8 belongs to CXC chemokine family, which is the major neutrophil chemo-attractant and
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