Recycled pulp of old corrugated containers (OCCs) was studied as a possible fiber source for wood-fiber cement (WFC) sheets. This industry currently largely relies on kraft pulp, an expensive fiber source. Thus, WFC sheets were made using less costly OCC fibers utilizing various types of treatments including fiber fractionation (FF) and refining to 500 and 400 Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) to determine the effect of these treatments on the sheets strength. Unprocessed virgin kraft fiber of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) was used as control for comparison purposes. The unprocessed OCC pulp furnish yielded an initial freeness of 635 CSF; after fractionating, however, it was increased to 754 CSF. OCC pulp presented a kappa number of 47, compared to 23.7 for P. radiata. Fractionating OCC pulp was effective in raising the range of long fibers in the stock from 68 percent to 85 percent, before and after fractionating, respectively. Results from WFC sheets made in laboratory showed that there was no significant difference in board strength among boards made with unprocessed OCC fibers, fractionated and refined OCC, and P. radiata fibers. However, sheet strength decreased when refined OCC fibers were used. The results suggest that OCC fibers can produce WFC sheets with desirable characteristics compared to those of unrefined virgin kraft fiber of P. radiata. 1. Introduction Wood-fiber cement (WFC) composites have recently become well accepted in the United States for a range of uses, such as roof tiles and siding, where wood and other materials were traditionally used [1]. World demand for products derived from inorganic-bonded wood and fiber materials, of which WFC sheet is a part, in general, is estimated to rise over the next years [1, 2]. The potential for using recycled fibers in these products is high and it could be an attractive option with the development of fiber fractionation [3], which appears to improve fiber properties for these types of products. Significant price swings and generally the high cost for pulp mandate a search for cost-effective and stable fiber supply options for WFC sheets and other fiber cement products. The use of recycled old corrugated containers (OCCs) can be economical as well as environmentally attractive. Fiber attributes such as fiber length, fiber-to-mass ratio, fiber substitution level, and level of fiber refinement are important parameters in determining desirable WFC product properties. Available literature reports the use of virgin and recycled newsprint fibers [4–8]. A small amount of information is found regarding
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