The results brought back at the end of this work concerned various chemical constituents of P. butyracea materials collected in seven forest galleries in northern of Benin. The phytochemical analysis showed mucilage, coumarins, gallic tannins, flavones, sterols, and saponins, in its leaves. The cyclohexanic fractions realized from petroleum ether extracts and analysed by GC/MS were marked by important rates of 9, 19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β-3-ol (49.3–72.6%), taraxasterol (18.4–30.1%), and friedooleanan-3-one (10.0%). Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from P. butyracea and analyzed by GC/MS contained 11 to 38 compounds representing 85.2 to 99.5% of the weight of this volatile extracts essentially rich in sesquiterpene constituents. The essential oils predominant compounds (>10%) identified and recorded independently of the organ studied were β-caryophyllene (14.9–77.9%), aromadendrene (43.5%), α-copaene (18.4–26.6%), α-ylangene (21.1%), germacrene-B (5.1–13.5%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (13.3%), α-humulene (6–13.3%), (2E, 6Z)-α-farnesene (12.6%), seychellene (12.0%), and palmitic acid (10,6%). 1. Introduction The food forest tree species were plentiful in African forest ecosystems, and they contributed to the household economy, to the strengthening food security, and to the preservation of the biological diversity of forest resources [1]. In Benin, some of these woody species including P. butyracea were threatened with a severe extinction due to the lack of a real program of long-lasting management of their ecosystems [2]. P. butyracea is a dense forest species with a distribution area reaching from Sierra Leone to the Cameroun [3]; it is a tree, with a height of about 20？m, which was found in the north of Benin in forest galleries and along water way [4]. The bark, rough, and deeply cracked exudes a thick resinous juice, of reddish yellow color. The leaves were 10–22？cm long, 3.5–7？cm broad, with numerous close parallel, lateral nerves; the flowers were large, white, or sometimes red-dish; the fruits were broadly ellipsoid, pointed, about 15？cm long and 10？cm large [5]; they contained oleaginous almonds which were consumed like kola [6] and were used to extract an edible butter (named kanga or lamy butter) [7], similar to Shea butter (Butyrospermum parkii Katschy, Sapotaceae). P. butyracea butter was used in traditional medicine as massage oil, in skin and hair care, and in the manufacture of soap for its softening, lubricating, and healing qualities [8]. It was used to retard the ageing of skin in patented cosmetic preparation [9]. In Gabon, the
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