Florid Cementoosseous Dysplasia: A Rare Case Report

Florid cementoosseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare, benign, fibroosseous, and multifocal dysplastic lesion of the jaw that consists of cellular fibrous connective tissue with bone and cementum-like tissue. FCOD is most commonly found in middle-aged black women, is generally asymptomatic, and is usually detected during radiological examination. FCOD associated with multiple impacted teeth and bone expansion is a very rare phenomenon, and there are only a few familial cases reported in the literature. In this report, a 35-year-old male Turkish patient is presented who was diagnosed with nonfamilial FCOD from clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. To our knowledge this is the first case of the nonfamilial FCOD with this many impacted teeth and severely expanded bones. 1. Introduction Florid cementoosseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a benign, fibroosseous, and multifocal dysplastic lesion of the jaw that consists of cellular fibrous connective tissue with bone and cementum-like tissue [1]. FCOD was previously known as gigantiform cementoma, multiple cementoossifying fibroma, sclerosing osteitis, multiple enostosis, and sclerotic cemental masses of the jaws. It was first comprehensively described by Melrose et al. [2]. This lesion is most commonly found in middle-aged black women, although it also may occur in Caucasians and Asians [3, 4]. The etiology of FCOD is unknown, and there is no clear explanation for its gender and racial predilections [5]. Clinically these lesions are often asymptomatic. Symptoms such as dull pain or drainage are almost always associated with exposure of the sclerotic calcified masses in the oral cavity [2, 4, 5]. Radiographically, the lesions appear as multiple sclerotic masses located in two or more quadrants, usually in the tooth-bearing regions. They are often confined within the alveolar bone [6]. A search of the literature showed that only a few cases have been reported concerning the familial form of FCOD associated with multiple impacted teeth. However, no examples were found of the nonfamilial form of FCOD associated with multiple impacted teeth. In this study, a very rare case of nonfamilial FCOD associated with multiple impacted teeth and bone expansion is presented and the current literature regarding this lesion reviewed. 2. Case Presentation A 35-year-old male patient was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, at Ankara University, with severe swelling, notably in the maxilla. The patient had no systemic symptoms. Clinical examination revealed expansion of the bone