Comparison of the Direct Effects of Human Adipose- and Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Postischemic Cardiomyoblasts in an In Vitro Simulated Ischemia-Reperfusion Model
Regenerative therapies hold a promising and exciting future for the cure of yet untreatable diseases, and mesenchymal stem cells are in the forefront of this approach. However, the relative efficacy and the mechanism of action of different types of mesenchymal stem cells are still incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the effects of human adipose- (hASC) and bone-marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cell conditioned media (ACM) on the viability of cardiomyoblasts in an in vitro ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) model. Flow cytometric viability analysis revealed that both cell treatments led to similarly increased percentages of living cells, while treatment with ACM did not (I-R model: %; hASC: %; hBMSC: %; ACM: %). Metabolic activity measurement (I-R model: ; hASC: ; hBMSC: ; ACM: ; arbitrary units) and lactate dehydrogenase assay (I-R model: ; hASC: ; hBMSC: ; ACM: ; arbitrary units) confirmed the flow cytometric results while also indicated a slight beneficial effect of ACM. Our results highlight that mesenchymal stem cells have the same efficacy when used directly on postischemic cells, and differences found between them in preclinical and clinical investigations are rather related to other possible causes such as their immunomodulatory or angiogenic properties. 1. Introduction Regenerative therapies are representing a relatively new possibility for the treatment of diseases where functional tissue is lost. This approach is aiming to restore organ functionality either by enhancing the resident stem cell population or with substituting the damaged tissue with added cells. Various cell types—such as embryonic, induced pluripotent and adult stem cells—are used to this aim each with its respective ethical, oncological, or immunological advantages and disadvantages [1–4], but data from clinical trials are mostly available from adult stem cells, namely, bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) [5]. Adipose-derived stem cells have lately become an attractive pool for autologous adult stem cells because of their relatively easy harvest from patients via minimally invasive liposuction [6, 7]. The use of these cells showed promising results and sometimes great success in various situations, such as in articular cartilage regeneration [8], musculoskeletal tissue repair [9–11], and the treatment of chronic, nonhealing wounds [12]. Considering cardiovascular applications, several reports indicated a consistent and significant benefit from cell transplantation after myocardial infarction in in vivo
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