Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population that may be enriched by positive selection with antibodies against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR or CD271), yielding a selective cell universe with higher proliferation and differentiation potential. This paper addresses the need for determining the quantity of ADSCs positive for the CD271 receptor and its correlation with donor's age. Mononuclear cells were harvested from the lower backs of 35 female donors and purified using magnetic beads. Multipotency capacity was tested by the expression of stemness genes and through differentiation into preosteoblasts and adipocytes. A significant statistical difference was found in CD271+ concentrations between defined age intervals. The highest yield was found within women on the 30–40-year-old age range. CD271+ ADSCs from all age groups showed differentiation capabilities as well as expression of typical multipotent stem cell genes. Our data suggest that the amount of CD271+ cells correlates inversely with age. However, the ability to obtain these cells was maintained through all age ranges with a yield higher than what has been reported from bone marrow. Our findings propose CD271+ ADSCs as the primary choice for tissue regeneration and autologous stem cell therapies in older subjects. 1. Introduction It has been demonstrated that adipose tissue represents an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells as well as those obtained from bone marrow. Furthermore, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have similar differentiation capability, morphology, and phenotype as mesenchymal stem cells collected from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow [1–5]. ADSCs, like bone marrow derived stem cells, adhere to plastic producing fibroblast-like colonies, have a high proliferative capacity, express common surface antigens, and can differentiate in vitro and in vivo toward cells of mesodermal lineage [6]. Also, ADSCs have the ability to be induced into cells derived from all three germ layers [6–10] and are capable of suppressing immunoreactivity [11], making them ideal for stem cell-based therapies. A typical ADSCs extraction protocol yields heterogeneous cell populations which may be homogenized through culture. However, time and culture conditions may cause changes in their phenotype due to sequential differences in antigen expression [12]. A homogeneous, fully characterized ADSCs population is desirable for use in clinical applications, an event that can be reached using antibodies [13]. Different cell surface receptors, such as the
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