Using symptom factors derived from two models of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) as covariates, change over time in consumer psychosocial functioning, medication adherence/compliance, and treatment satisfaction outcomes are compared based on a randomized, controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications for 108 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Random effects regression analysis was used to determine the relative performance of these two 5-factor models as covariates in estimating change over time and the goodness of fit of the regression equations for each outcome. Self-reported psychosocial functioning was significantly associated with the relief of positive and negative syndromes, whereas patient satisfaction was more closely and significantly associated with control of excited/activation symptoms. Interviewer-rated psychosocial functioning was significantly associated with relief of positive and negative symptoms, as well as excited/activation and disoriented/autistic preoccupation symptoms. The VDG 5-factor model of the PANSS represents the best “goodness of fit” model for assessing symptom-related change associated with improved psychosocial outcomes and functional recovery. Five-factor models of the syndromes of schizophrenia, as assessed using the PANSS, are differentially valuable in determining the predictors of psychosocial and satisfaction changes over time, but not of improved medication adherence/compliance. 1. Introduction Recovery from a serious mental illness is now widely endorsed as a guiding principle of mental health policy and brings new rules for services, for example, user involvement and person-centered care, as well as participatory approaches to evidence-based medicine and policy. Recovery is determined to varying degrees by the severity of psychopathology and cognitive deficits, objective social variables such as marital status and living situation, previous psychosocial functioning, course of illness variables such as age of onset or duration, and personal risk factors such as gender or race [1, 2]. Cognitive function, encompassing all aspects of perceiving, thinking, reasoning, and remembering, is a key predictor of functional recovery [3]. Whether pharmacotherapy or psychosocial interventions are being investigated, treatment studies for persons with schizophrenia typically encompass a range of outcomes, including symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, treatment adherence or compliance, or satisfaction with the treatment received [2, 4]. Previous research has
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