Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, plays an important role in normal lung physiology by protecting cells against oxidative stress and toxic xenobiotics. The present study investigates the effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on MRP1 mRNA and MRP1 protein expression and transporter activity in the immortalised human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o-. MRP1 mRNA and MRP1 protein expression in 16HBE14o- cells that were treated with allyl isothiocyanate were analysed by real-time PCR assay and Western blotting. The transport of carboxyfluorescein, a known MRP1 substrate, was measured by functional flow cytometry to evaluate MRP1 activity. Treatment with AITC at concentrations of 5–40？μM increased MRP1 protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. AITC treatments at concentrations of 1–40？μM caused concentration-dependent increases in MRP1 mRNA levels that were up to seven times greater than the levels found in control cells. Finally, AITC treatment at concentrations of 5–40？μM significantly increased MRP1-dependent efflux in 16HBE14o- cells. These results suggest that AITC can increase the expression and activity of MRP1 in 16HBE14o- cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The upregulation of MRP1 activity and expression by AITC could produce therapeutic effects in the treatment of lung disease. 1. Introduction Isothiocyanates (–N=C=S) are naturally occurring compounds that are primarily synthesised and stored in plants and cruciferous vegetables, including Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, kale, and radishes, as glucosinolates. Isothiocyanates have shown significant cancer chemopreventive activity [1]. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a hydrolysis product of the glucosinolate sinigrin, has significant antimicrobial activity and possesses potential anticancer activity against cancers such as colorectal and bladder cancers [2–6]. AITC causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cell lines derived from different tissues and modulates the levels of many genes and proteins that are known to be involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation. AITC-induced stomatal closure is partially inhibited by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and is completely inhibited by glutathione monoethyl ester [7]. The oral bioavailability of AITC is extremely high, at nearly 90% [8]. Isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane (SF) and erucin (ER) are known to enhance the expression levels of Phase II detoxification enzymes. Isothiocyanate also increases the levels of multidrug
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