全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Measuring the Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Clinical Practice: A Necessary Challenge

DOI: 10.1155/2013/524894

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

While the physical disability aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) is of great importance, quality of life (QoL) measurements are being considered increasingly important with regard to evaluating disease progression, treatment, and the management of care provided to MS patients. Despite the acknowledged need to consider QoL issues, QoL assessment remains underutilized in clinical practice. These issues should be explored and understood to promote the use of measuring QoL in MS clinical practice. We explore the difficulties for clinicians: choosing and determining the most appropriate QoL measure and how to best integrate QoL measurements into clinical practice. This paper discusses several avenues to provide to clinicians arguments of the clinical relevance and accuracy of QoL instruments and ultimately to enhance the use of QoL measures in clinical practice for MS patients. 1. Introduction While the physical disability aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in young adults, is of great importance, it is now well recognized that it does not reflect all of the facets that patients consider important in their life. Fatigue, depression, and physical disability are only one aspect of a person’s experience with MS; it is well documented that cognitive, emotional, and psychological functions contribute to their quality of life (QoL) [1]. The QoL measurements are being considered increasingly important with regard to evaluating disease progression, treatment and the management of care provided to MS patients [2, 3]. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency encourage the use of QoL assessment in patients with chronic illnesses [4, 5], and several groups have published detailed recommendations for QoL assessment [6, 7]. In MS research, 118 studies that have reported QoL as an outcome were performed with MS patients in the Clinical Trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov, December 31, 2012). Despite the acknowledged need to consider QoL issues, QoL assessment remains under-utilized in MS clinical practice [8]. QoL assessment may be considered to be an “unfulfilled promise” [9–11]. Therefore, these issues should be explored and understood to promote both the use and usefulness of measuring QoL in MS clinical practice. Here, we explore the difficulties for clinicians to choose and determine the most appropriate QoL measure, to be convinced by the clinical utility of the QoL assessment implementation in clinical practice and to interpret QoL scores. 2. Difficulties for MS

References

[1]  J. G. Noble, L. A. Osborne, K. H. Jones, R. M. Middleton, and D. V. Ford, “Commentary on ‘disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis clinical trials’,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1718–1720, 2012.
[2]  A. J. Mitchell, J. Benito-León, J. M. M. González, and J. Rivera-Navarro, “Quality of life and its assessment in multiple sclerosis: integrating physical and psychological components of wellbeing,” Lancet Neurology, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 556–566, 2005.
[3]  A. Solari, “Role of health-related quality of life measures in the routine care of people with multiple sclerosis,” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, vol. 3, article 16, 2005.
[4]  Food and Drug Administration, “Guidance for industry: patient reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims,” http://www.fda.org/downloads/drugs/.
[5]  European Medicines Agency, “Reflection paper on the regulatory guidance for the use of hrqol measures in the evaluation of medicinal products,” http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/pages.
[6]  G. Apolone, G. De Carli, M. Brunetti, and S. Garattini, “Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and regulatory issues: an assessment of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) recommendations on the use of HR-QOL measures in drug approval,” PharmacoEconomics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 187–195, 2001.
[7]  A. Bottomley, D. Jones, and L. Claassens, “Patient-reported outcomes: assessment and current perspectives of the guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration and the reflection paper of the European Medicines Agency,” European Journal of Cancer, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 347–353, 2009.
[8]  J. Greenhalgh, A. F. Long, and R. Flynn, “The use of patient reported outcome measures in routine clinical practice: lack of impact or lack of theory?” Social Science and Medicine, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 833–843, 2005.
[9]  A. G. Awad, “Quality-of-life assessment in schizophrenia: the unfulfilled promise,” Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 491–493, 2011.
[10]  P. Auquier and L. Boyer, “Measuring patients’ views: between enthusiasm and reality,” European Journal Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 829–830, 2012.
[11]  L. Boyer and P. Auquier, “The lack of impact of quality-of-life measures in schizophrenia: a shared responsibility?” PharmacoEconomics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 531–532, 2012.
[12]  J. A. Cohen, S. C. Reingold, C. H. Polman, and J. S. Wolinsky, “Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: current status and future prospects,” The Lancet Neurology, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 467–476, 2012.
[13]  D. L. Patrick and R. A. Deyo, “Generic and disease-specific measures in assessing health status and quality of life,” Medical Care, vol. 27, no. 3, supplement, pp. S217–S232, 1989.
[14]  J. A. Freeman, J. C. Hobart, and A. J. Thompson, “Does adding MS-specific items to a generic measure (the SF-36) improve measurement?” Neurology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 68–74, 2001.
[15]  B. G. Vickrey, R. D. Hays, R. Harooni, L. W. Myers, and G. W. Ellison, “A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 187–206, 1995.
[16]  D. F. Cella, K. Dineen, B. Arnason et al., “Validation of the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis quality of life instrument,” Neurology, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 129–139, 1996.
[17]  S. M. Gold, C. Heesen, H. Schulz et al., “Disease specific quality of life instruments in multiple sclerosis: validation of the Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire in Multiple Sclerosis (HAQUAMS),” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 119–130, 2001.
[18]  C. E. Ferrans and M. J. Powers, “Psychometric assessment of the quality of life index,” Research in Nursing & Health, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 29–38, 1992.
[19]  J. S. Fischer, N. G. LaRocca, D. M. Miller, P. G. Ritvo, H. Andrews, and D. Paty, “Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis (MS),” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 251–259, 1999.
[20]  H. L. Ford, E. Gerry, A. Tennant, D. Whalley, R. Haigh, and M. H. Johnson, “Developing a disease-specific quality of life measure for people with multiple sclerosis,” Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 247–258, 2001.
[21]  C. McGuigan and M. Hutchinson, “The multiple sclerosis impact scale (MSIS-29) is a reliable and sensitive measure,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 266–269, 2004.
[22]  G. J. Lankhorst, F. Jelles, R. C. F. Smits et al., “Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: the disability and impact profile (DIP),” Journal of Neurology, vol. 243, no. 6, pp. 469–474, 1996.
[23]  C. E. Schwartz, B. F. Cole, and R. D. Gelber, “Measuring patient-centered outcomes in neurologic disease: extending the Q-TWiST method,” Archives of Neurology, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 754–762, 1995.
[24]  M. C. Simeoni, P. Auquier, O. Fernandez et al., “Validation of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life questionnaire,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 219–230, 2008.
[25]  D. A. Gruenewald, I. J. Higginson, B. Vivat, P. Edmonds, and R. E. Burman, “Quality of life measures for the palliative care of people severely affected by multiple sclerosis: a systematic review,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 690–704, 2004.
[26]  D. Bandari, T. L. Vollmer, O. Bhupendra, B. O. Khatri, and T. Tyry, “Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis,” International Journal of MS Care, vol. 12, pp. 34–41, 2010.
[27]  A. G. Awad and L. N. P. Voruganti, “Measuring quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: an update,” PharmacoEconomics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 183–195, 2012.
[28]  E. F. Juniper, G. H. Guyatt, M. Mesbah, and P. Ravaud, Quality of Life and Pharmacoeconomics in Clinical Trials, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 1996.
[29]  J. C. Nunnaly and I. C. Bernstein, Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 1994.
[30]  S. P. McKenna, “Measuring quality of life in schizophrenia,” European Psychiatry, vol. 12, supplement 3, pp. 267s–274s, 1997.
[31]  L. Nicholl, J. C. Hobart, A. F. L. Cramp, and A. S. Lowe-Strong, “Measuring quality of life in multiple sclerosis: not as simple as it sounds,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 708–712, 2005.
[32]  S. M. Gold, H. Schulz, H. Stein, K. Solf, K. H. Schulz, and C. Heesen, “Responsiveness of patient-based and external rating scales in multiple sclerosis: head-to-head comparison in three clinical settings,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 290, no. 1-2, pp. 102–106, 2010.
[33]  A. Giordano, E. Pucci, P. Naldi et al., “Responsiveness of patient reported outcome measures in multiple sclerosis relapses: the REMS study,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 1023–1028, 2009.
[34]  A. Riazi, J. C. Hobart, D. L. Lamping, R. Fitzpatrick, and A. J. Thompson, “Evidence-based measurement in multiple sclerosis: the psychometric properties of the physical and psychological dimensions of three quality of life rating scales,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 411–419, 2003.
[35]  A. Solari, G. Filippini, L. Mendozzi et al., “Validation of Italian multiple sclerosis quality of life 54 questionnaire,” Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 158–162, 1999.
[36]  J. Füvesi, K. Bencsik, K. Benedek et al., “Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 'Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Instrument' in Hungarian,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 391–398, 2008.
[37]  T. Pekmezovic, D. Kisic Tepavcevic, J. Kostic, and J. Drulovic, “Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the disease-specific questionnaire MSQOL-54 in Serbian multiple sclerosis patients sample,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1383–1387, 2007.
[38]  K. Baumstarck-Barrau, J. Pelletier, M. C. Simeoni, and P. Auquier, “French validation of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life questionnaire,” Revue Neurologique, vol. 167, no. 6-7, pp. 511–521, 2011.
[39]  P. Flachenecker, U. Vogel, M. C. Simeoni, P. Auquier, and P. Rieckmann, “MusiQol: international questionnaire investigating quality of life in multiple sclerosis: validation results for the German subpopulation in an international comparison,” Der Nervenarzt, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 1281–1289, 2011.
[40]  A. G. Beiske, K. Baumstarck, R. M. Nilsen, and M. C. Simeoni, “Validation of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life (MusiQoL) questionnaire in Norwegian patients,” Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 171–179, 2011.
[41]  O. Fernandez, V. Fernandez, K. Baumstarck-Barrau et al., “Validation of the spanish version of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life (musiqol) questionnaire,” BMC Neurology, vol. 11, article 127, 2011.
[42]  J. J. Gutteling, J. J. V. Busschbach, R. A. de Man, and S. E. Darlington, “Logistic feasibility of health related quality of life measurement in clinical practice: results of a prospective study in a large population of chronic liver patients,” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, vol. 6, article 97, 2008.
[43]  J. Morris, D. Perez, and B. McNoe, “The use of quality of life data in clinical practice,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 85–91, 1998.
[44]  L. Boyer, M. C. Simeoni, A. Loundou et al., “The development of the S-QoL 18: a shortened quality of life questionnaire for patients with schizophrenia,” Schizophrenia Research, vol. 121, no. 1–3, pp. 241–250, 2010.
[45]  D. V. Ford, K. H. Jones, R. M. Middleton et al., “The feasibility of collecting information from people with Multiple Sclerosis for the UK MS Register via a web portal: characterising a cohort of people with MS,” BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 12, article 73, 2012.
[46]  M. Y. Halyard, M. H. Frost, A. Dueck, and J. A. Sloan, “Integrating QOL assessments for clinical and research purposes,” Current Problems in Cancer, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 319–330, 2006.
[47]  D. Cella, J. S. Lai, C. J. Nowinski et al., “Neuro-QOL: brief measures of health-related quality of life for clinical research in neurology,” Neurology, vol. 78, no. 23, pp. 1860–1867, 2012.
[48]  R. C. Gershon, J. S. Lai, R. Bode et al., “Neuro-QOL: quality of life item banks for adults with neurological disorders: item development and calibrations based upon clinical and general population testing,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 475–486, 2012.
[49]  I. S. Lobentanz, S. Asenbaum, K. Vass et al., “Factors influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality,” Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 6–13, 2004.
[50]  O. Fernandez, K. Baumstarck-Barrau, M. C. Simeoni, and P. Auquier, “Patient characteristics and determinants of quality of life in an international population with multiple sclerosis: assessment using the MusiQoL and SF-36 questionnaires,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1238–1249, 2011.
[51]  J. Benito-León, J. M. Morales, and J. Rivera-Navarro, “Health-related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients,” European Journal of Neurology, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 497–502, 2002.
[52]  L. A. C. Nogueira, F. R. Nóbrega, K. N. Lopes, L. C. S. Thuler, and R. M. P. Alvarenga, “The effect of functional limitations and fatigue on the quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis,” Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 812–817, 2009.
[53]  S. Pittion-Vouyovitch, M. Debouverie, F. Guillemin, N. Vandenberghe, R. Anxionnat, and H. Vespignani, “Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is related to disability, depression and quality of life,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 243, no. 1-2, pp. 39–45, 2006.
[54]  M. P. Amato, G. Ponziani, F. Rossi, C. L. Liedl, C. Stefanile, and L. Rossi, “Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: the impact of depression, fatigue and disability,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 340–344, 2001.
[55]  I. Casetta, T. Riise, M. Wamme Nortvedt et al., “Gender differences in health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1339–1346, 2009.
[56]  N. Pfaffenberger, K. P. Pfeiffer, M. Deibl, S. H?fer, V. Günther, and H. Ulmer, “Association of factors influencing health-related quality of life in MS,” Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 102–108, 2006.
[57]  M. A. Plow, M. Finlayson, R. W. Motl, and F. Bethoux, “Randomized controlled trial of a teleconference fatigue management plus physical activity intervention in adults with multiple sclerosis: rationale and research protocol,” BMC Neurology, vol. 12, no. 1, article 122, 2012.
[58]  R. E. Boeschoten, J. Dekker, B. M. Uitdehaag et al., “Internet-based self-help treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial,” BMC Psychiatry, vol. 12, no. 1, article 137, 2012.
[59]  E. M. Rosti-Otajarvi and P. I. Hamalainen, “Neuropsychological rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 11, Article ID CD009131, 2011.
[60]  M. Debouverie, S. Pittion-Vouyovitch, H. Brissart, and F. Guillemin, “Physical dimension of fatigue correlated with disability change over time in patients with multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neurology, vol. 255, no. 5, pp. 633–636, 2008.
[61]  R. A. Rudick, J. C. Lee, G. R. Cutter et al., “Disability progression in a clinical trial of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis eight-year follow-up,” Archives of Neurology, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 1329–1335, 2010.
[62]  M. Eriksson, O. Andersen, and B. Runmarker, “Long-term follow up of patients with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 260–274, 2003.
[63]  A. Langer-Gould, R. A. Popat, S. M. Huang et al., “Clinical and demographic predictors of long-term disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review,” Archives of Neurology, vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 1686–1691, 2006.
[64]  L. V. Bosma, J. J. Kragt, D. L. Knol, C. H. Polman, and B. M. Uitdehaag, “Clinical scales in progressive MS: predicting long-term disability,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 345–350, 2012.
[65]  T. Gholipour, B. Healy, N. F. Baruch, H. L. Weiner, and T. Chitnis, “Demographic and clinical characteristics of malignant multiple sclerosis,” Neurology, vol. 76, no. 23, pp. 1996–2001, 2011.
[66]  D. K. B. Li, U. Held, J. Petkau et al., “MRI T2 lesion burden in multiple sclerosis: a plateauing relationship with clinical disability,” Neurology, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1384–1389, 2006.
[67]  M. W. Nortvedt, T. Riise, K. M. Myhr, and H. I. Nyland, “Quality of life as a predictor for change in disability in MS,” Neurology, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 51–54, 2000.
[68]  M. A. J. Visschedijk, B. M. J. Uitdehaag, M. Klein et al., “Value of health-related quality of life to predict disability course in multiple sclerosis,” Neurology, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 2046–2050, 2004.
[69]  J. B. Guarnaccia, M. Aslan, T. Z. O'Connor et al., “Quality of life for veterans with multiple sclerosis on disease-modifying agents: relationship to disability,” Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 35–44, 2006.
[70]  J. Benito-Leon, A. J. Mitchell, J. Rivera-Navarro, and J. M. Morales-Gonzalez, “Impaired health-related quality of life predicts progression of disability in multiple sclerosis,” European Journal of Neurology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 79–86, 2012.
[71]  K. Baumstarck, J. Pelletier, H. Butzkueven et al., “Health-related quality of life as an independent predictor of long-term disability for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,” European Journal of Neurology, 2013.
[72]  R. Bergamaschi, S. Quaglini, M. Trojano et al., “Early prediction of the long term evolution of multiple sclerosis: the Bayesian Risk Estimate for Multiple Sclerosis (BREMS) score,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 757–759, 2007.
[73]  E. E. Takeuchi, A. Keding, N. Awad et al., “Impact of patient-reported outcomes in oncology: a longitudinal analysis of patient-physician communication,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 29, no. 21, pp. 2910–2917, 2011.
[74]  G. Velikova, L. Booth, A. B. Smith et al., “Measuring quality of life in routine oncology practice improves communication and patient well-being: a randomized controlled trial,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 714–724, 2004.
[75]  S. B. Detmar, M. J. Muller, J. H. Schornagel, L. D. V. Wever, and N. K. Aaronson, “Health-related quality-of-life assessments and patient-physician communication: a randomized controlled trial,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 288, no. 23, pp. 3027–3034, 2002.
[76]  L. Colloca and D. Finniss, “Nocebo effects, patient-clinician communication, and therapeutic outcomes,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 307, no. 6, pp. 567–568, 2012.
[77]  A. Leplege, E. Ecosse, J. Pouchot, J. Coste, and T. V. Perneger, MOS SF36 Questionnaire. Manual and Guidelines for Scores' Interpretation, Estem, Vernouillet, France, 2001.
[78]  M. A. G. Sprangers and C. E. Schwartz, “Integrating response shift into health-related quality of life research: a theoretical model,” Social Science and Medicine, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1507–1515, 1999.
[79]  C. E. Schwartz and M. A. G. Sprangers, “Methodological approaches for assessing response shift in longitudinal health-related quality-of-life research,” Social Science and Medicine, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1531–1548, 1999.
[80]  C. E. Schwartz, R. Bode, N. Repucci, J. Becker, M. A. G. Sprangers, and P. M. Fayers, “The clinical significance of adaptation to changing health: a meta-analysis of response shift,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1533–1550, 2006.
[81]  B. L. King-Kallimanis, F. J. Oort, S. Nolte, C. E. Schwartz, and M. A. Sprangers, “Using structural equation modeling to detect response shift in performance and health-related quality of life scores of multiple sclerosis patients,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1527–1540, 2011.
[82]  S. Ahmed, N. Mayo, S. Scott, A. Kuspinar, and C. Schwartz, “Using latent trajectory analysis of residuals to detect response shift in general health among patients with multiple sclerosis,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1555–1560, 2011.
[83]  Y. Li and C. E. Schwartz, “Data mining for response shift patterns in multiple sclerosis patients using recursive partitioning tree analysis,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1543–1553, 2011.
[84]  M. Boucekine, A. Loundou, R. L'Mouaci et al., “Understanding response shit in multiple sclerosis patients: application of Random Forest method,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 21, supplement 1, p. 32, 2012, ISOQOL 20th Annual Conference of the International Society for Quality of Life Research, Budapest, Hungary, October 2012.
[85]  C. E. Schwartz, M. A. Sprangers, F. Oort et al., “Response shift in patients with multiple sclerosis: an application of three statistical techniques,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1561–1572, 2011.
[86]  P. A. Ubel, Y. Peeters, and D. Smith, “Abandoning the language of "response shift": a plea for conceptual clarity in distinguishing scale recalibration from true changes in quality of life,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 465–471, 2010.
[87]  S. M. Rao, G. J. Leo, L. Bernardin, and F. Unverzagt, “Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction,” Neurology, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 685–691, 1991.
[88]  S. R. Montel and C. Bungener, “Coping and quality of life in one hundred and thirty five subjects with multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 393–401, 2007.
[89]  B. I. Glanz, B. C. Healy, D. J. Rintell, S. K. Jaffin, R. Bakshi, and H. L. Weiner, “The association between cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with early multiple sclerosis,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 290, no. 1-2, pp. 75–79, 2010.
[90]  K. Baumstarck-Barrau, M. C. Simeoni, F. Reuter et al., “Cognitive function and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study,” BMC Neurology, vol. 11, no. 1, article 17, 2011.
[91]  D. M. Miller, R. A. Rudick, M. Baier et al., “Factors that predict health-related quality of life in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2003.
[92]  S. M. Gold, H. Schulz, A. M?nch, K. H. Schulz, and C. Heesen, “Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis does not affect reliability and validity of self-report health measures,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 404–410, 2003.
[93]  R. P. Riemsma, C. A. Forbes, J. M. Glanville, A. J. Eastwood, and J. Kleijnen, “General health status measures for people with cognitive impairment: learning disability and acquired brain injury,” Health Technology Assessment, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1–100, 2001.
[94]  Y. Goverover, N. Chiaravalloti, and J. DeLuca, “The relationship between self-awareness of neurobehavioral symptoms, cognitive functioning, and emotional symptoms in multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 203–212, 2005.
[95]  R. H. B. Benedict, D. Cox, L. L. Thompson, F. Foley, B. Weinstock-Guttman, and F. Munschauer, “Reliable screening for neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 675–678, 2004.
[96]  R. A. Marrie, D. M. Miller, G. J. Chelune, and J. A. Cohen, “Validity and reliability of the MSQLI in cognitively impaired patients with multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 621–626, 2003.
[97]  K. Baumstarck, J. Pelletier, V. Aghababian et al., “Is the concept of quality of life relevant for multiple sclerosis patients with cognitive impairment? Preliminary results of a cross-sectional study,” Plos One, vol. 7, no. 1, Article ID e30627, 2012.
[98]  K. Baumstarck, F. Reuter, M. Boucekine et al., “Relevance of quality of life assessment for multiple sclerosis patients with memory impairment,” Plos One, vol. 7, no. 12, Article ID e50056, 2012.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133