Quantum Mechanics of In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles within Anionic Microgels

We discuss the quantum mechanics of many-body systems, that is, hybrid microgel consisting of negatively charged anionic microgels possessing thick sheath of water molecules solvating protruding anionic moieties and nanoparticle captivated within the microgel. Thermodynamic feasibility of synthesis of particular nanoparticle within the microgel is dependent upon the magnitude of interaction between nanoparticle, water molecules, and microgel relative to sum of magnitude of self-interaction between counterions and interaction between counterions and microgel. Nanoparticles synthesized with in the microgels have thick electronic cloud that oscillates under the influence of net interaction potential of charged anionic moieties and solvent water molecules which constitutes the chemical environment of hybrid microgel. Hamiltonian describing energy of oscillating electronic cloud of wrapped around nanoparticle is mathematically derived to be equal to product of integral electron density and product of its position vector overall space and net force acting on the oscillating electronic cloud of nanoparticle is mathematically defined as; . 1. Introduction Metal nanoparticles encompass vast portion of nanomaterials. Synthesis of nanoparticles constitutes a crucial aspect of nanochemistry. Several strategies have been employed for the synthesis of nanoparticles of different dimensionalities [1]. The controllable synthesis is attained in the presence of suitable surfactants, templates, and capping agents such as polymers, ligands, and dendrimers [2]. Application of nanoparticles ranges from energy to medicine [3]. Optical properties of nanoparticles can be tuned by their size and shape which directly influence nanoscale excitons. Optical properties of NPS found that their noticeable applications are related to include light emitting devices, lasers, photovoltaics, detectors, and biolabels [4]. The application of nanoparticles in medicine has given birth to nanobiotechnology. Nanoparticles have the ability to penetrate the cell wall and deliver drugs or biomolecules into living systems for a therapeutic purpose [5]. For the last decade synthesis of nanoparticles in side polymer microgels have gained much attention. Template-based synthesis of nanoparticles in the interior of the microspheres is an alternative and effective approach for the synthesis of semiconductor, metal, and magnetic particles [6]. Karg and Hellweg have written a self-explanatory review about use of poly (N-isopropyl-acrylamide) as nanoreactor for synthesis of metal nanoparticles [7]. Use of