In the current study, an acrylic acid grafted bamboo rayon fabric was utilized as a substrate to immobilize ZnO nanoparticles. The bamboo rayon-ZnO nanoparticles composite was prepared by the treatment of swollen grafted fabric with ZnCl2 followed by conversion of Zn2+ ions into ZnO nanoparticles. The modified product was characterized and then evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as durability of their antibacterial activity after washing. The product showed antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria which was found to be durable till 40 washes. The modified material also showed improved UV protection. The product can be claimed as semidurable multifunctional textile material. 1. Introduction With increase in awareness about health and the requirement of protection, a number of functional properties are expected from textile materials. Textiles can be colonized by microbes which can result in adverse effects both on textiles and users. Apart from this the UV protection is becoming one of the desirable properties as textiles act as barrier layer between human body and the environment and can protect human body from harmful effects on skin of UV light if finished properly. Bamboo, a lignocellulosic material, belonging to the grass family Poaceae, is an abundant renewable natural resource capable of production of maximum biomass per unit area and time as compared to counterpart timber species. Bamboo pulp fibre is widely applied in textile industry to produce dry goods. Generally, bamboo pulp fibre loses its natural antibacterial property present inherently in bamboo due to its treatment with alkali in its manufacturing process. The cellulosic fibre like bamboo rayon possesses many desirable properties which are suitable for apparels as well as medical textiles; however, the lack of antibacterial and UV protection properties is considered to be a severe limitation [1–8]. The grafted fibres especially from hydrophilic monomer like acrylic acid adsorb metal ions from the solution and also swell in contact with water. Hence they offer suitable substrate to immobilize the nanoparticles and to form nanoparticles composites. Incorporation of metal nanoparticles into polymer matrix has been reported by various researchers. Silver nanoparticles have been incorporated into poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofibers using two distinct methods [9]. The hydrogel-silver nanocomposites have been synthesized by a unique methodology, which involves formation of silver nanoparticles within swollen
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