Although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of Brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil. A total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and simultaneously analyzed by the IFAT and ELISA. The serological prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 41.3% and 55.5% in ELISA and 35.7% and 48.8% in IFAT, respectively. The overall prevalence of A. marginale, B. bovis, and B. bigemina was 63%, 25%, and 21% by ELISA and 50.0%, 22.5%, and 18.8% by IFAT, respectively. This study shows valuable information regarding the serological survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil which will likely be very beneficial for the management and control programs of this disease. 1. Introduction Brazil has the biggest western buffalo herd, where approximately 65% of which is located in the north region of this country [1]. Nowadays, the buffalo has been highlighted in the national scenery, showing more than just an alternative to the occupation of lands unsuitable for cattle but becoming an economically important option. As consequence, concern about sanitary management has increased considerably, because the clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies are still poorly studied in Latin America. Buffaloes, when compared to other domestic livestock, are generally a resistance animal [2]. This is particularly impressive because most of them, especially the water buffaloes, live in hot and humid regions that are willing to have several infectious agents [2]. Although the reason is not clear, the effect on buffaloes is often less deleterious than that on cattle. Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the coccidian protozoan Toxoplasma gondii which can parasitize human beings and many warm-blooded animals, inducing abortions and neonatal mortality in small ruminants [3]. Neospora caninum is structurally and biologically similar to Toxoplasma gondii [4], causing abortion and neonatal mortality in cattle, sheep, goats, and horses in many countries [5]. Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, and Babesia bigemina are important tick-borne agents of cattle worldwide [6]. Although many studies have been conducted worldwide on the prevalence of these important pathogens in animals,
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