The Multicomponent Anthropometric Model for Assessing Body Composition in a Male Pediatric Population: A Simultaneous Prediction of Fat Mass, Bone Mineral Content, and Lean Soft Tissue
The aim of this study was to propose and cross-validate an anthropometric model for the simultaneous estimation of fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean soft tissue (LST) using DXA as the reference method. A total of 408 boys (8–18 years) were included in this sample. Whole-body FM, BMC, and LST were measured by DXA and considered as dependent variables. Independent variables included thirty-two anthropometrics measurements and maturity offset determined by the Mirwald equation. From a multivariate regression model , a matrix analysis was performed resulting in a multicomponent anthropometric model. The cross-validation was executed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method. Five anthropometric variables predicted simultaneously FM, BMC, and LST. Cross-validation parameters indicated that the new model is accurate with high values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 and standard error of estimate ranging from 0.01 to 0.09. The newly proposed model represents an alternative to accurately assess the body composition in male pediatric ages. 1. Introduction Estimate body composition of children is not an easy task, since the relationships between body components during growth are not constant as in adults. Anthropometric-based equations remain an adequate alternative for determining the body composition of pediatric populations in field settings. However, the advent of new technologies has enabled new ways for body composition assessment, thus, rendering the traditional anthropometry inaccuracy as a representative standard [1]. There are some methodological concerns when using the current anthropometric models: several equations have been developed using a two-compartment model (2C model) either using hydrostatic weighing [2, 3] or other densitometric techniques; however, this approach relies on assumptions, specifically concerning the fat-free mass (FFM) density (1.1？g/cc) and hydration (73.2% of total-body water within the FFM) that, although stable for adults, may vary substantially during growth. In fact, from childhood through adolescence, total-body water (TBW) decreases whereas bone mass increases which means that FFM density is lower than 1.1？g/cc, at younger ages, approaching that value when chemical maturity is reached [4]. Therefore, 2C models tend to overestimate FM and underestimate FFM in children, and their use as a criterion method for developing anthropometric-based models is inaccurate. For that reason, the use of 3C and 4C compartment models are preferred for determining the body composition in children [4], since fewer
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