Purpose. It is unclear whether sociocultural and socioeconomic factors are directly linked to type 2 diabetes risk in overweight/obese ethnic minority children and adolescents. This study examines the relationships between sociocultural orientation, household social position, and type 2 diabetes risk in overweight/obese African-American ( ) and Latino-American ( ) children and adolescents. Methods. Sociocultural orientation was assessed using the Acculturation, Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) questionnaire. Household social position was calculated using the Hollingshead Two-Factor Index of Social Position. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIRG) and disposition index (DI) were derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). The relationships between AHIMSA subscales (i.e., integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization), household social position and FSIGT parameters were assessed using multiple linear regression. Results. For African-Americans, integration (integrating their family’s culture with those of mainstream white-American culture) was positively associated with AIRG ( , , ) and DI ( , , ). For Latino-Americans, household social position was inversely associated with AIRG ( , , ) and DI ( , , ). Conclusions. Sociocultural orientation and household social position play distinct and opposing roles in shaping type 2 diabetes risk in African-American and Latino-American children and adolescents. 1. Introduction Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes have emerged as significant health issues in overweight/obese African-American and Latino-American pediatric populations in the United States (US). Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study indicate that incidence rates for type 2 diabetes were three times higher in African-Americans and Latino-Americans aged 15–19 years compared to non-Latino whites [1]. The Studies to Treat or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes also reported a larger proportion of African-American and Latino-American children and adolescents with high fasting insulin levels compared to their non-Latino white counterparts (29.3%, 44.3%, and 20.5%, resp.) [2]. This ethnic disparity in diabetes and prediabetes has been linked to more severe insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in these ethnic minority children and adolescents [3]. While several behavioral mechanisms have been proposed to explain the increased diabetes risk in African-American and Latino-American children and adolescents [4, 5], research investigating the role of
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