Biphasic bioceramic nanopowders of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were prepared from shells of the sea snail Cerithium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) using a novel chemical method. Calcination of the powders produced was carried out at varying temperatures, specifically at 400°C and 800°C, in air for 4 hours. When compared to the conventional hydrothermal transformation method, this chemical method is very simple, economic, due to the fact that it needs inexpensive and safe equipment, because the transformation of the aragonite and calcite of the shells into the calcium phosphate phases takes place at 80°C under the atmospheric pressure. The powders produced were determined using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The features of the powders produced along with the fact of their biological origin qualify these powders for further consideration and experimentation to fabricate nanoceramic biomaterials. 1. Introduction To date, biomaterials is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field at the interface of engineering, science, and healthcare industry; its effect on human health related issues is also obvious and recognized all over the world. The global biomaterials device market was estimated as $115.4 billion in 2008 and is expected to increase to $252.7 billion in 2014. The largest market share among all biomaterial products belongs to orthopedic biomaterials [1], like hydroxyapatite (HA) materials. With a chemical formula of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA is the main inorganic component of bone [2] and tooth [3]. Thus, HA is very popular for implant materials especially in orthopedic bone surgery [2] and other hard tissue implantations [3], such as in dental and aesthetic surgery. Powders of HA can be produced with very various chemical techniques, such as precipitation, hydrothermal techniques, hydrolysis of other calcium phosphates, and sol-gel [4] from very pure chemicals or from natural materials. Calcination is another method to fabricate HA from different natural sources, like bone (i.e., human [5], bovine [6], sheep [7], turkey, and chicken) or tooth dentine [8] and enamel [9–11]. In previous work, there are also papers reporting some very interesting sources for HA production, such as crocodile bone [12], dear antler [13], and fish wastes. Hydrothermal methods are very popular to transform various sources with a sea origin, such as cuttlefish bone [14], some oysters [15], and corals [16]. In our more recent studies, we have presented some very simple mechano-chemical methods,
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